RVBA-BALFOConstruction & Contractors

Balfour Beatty — in detail

Full extracted data, every event in the company's history we've captured, and (soon) external news. The full ratios diagnostic with peer benchmarks lives at /ratios.

Reference sources (3/5)

Source documents
Recent disclosure
Multi-year metrics
Targets
Certifications

External news

No ESG-relevant news ingested yet for this company. Run python -m pipeline.news_gdelt to backfill. Sourced from GDELT 2.0 (3-month trailing window).

Data by year· every metric + key events per year

Each year shows the firm's reported metrics on the left and the most material events on the right. Up to 10 events per year; the full event log is one click further.

2026

P&L highlights (USD)

Revenue	41.7B
Cost of revenue	(32.3B)
Gross profit	9.4B
Operating expenses (S&M + G&A)	(8B)
Operating income	1.4B
Net income	1.1B

Balance sheet highlights (USD)

Property, plant & equipment	4.9B
Total assets	14.7B
Total debt	1.8B
Cash & equivalents	1.7B
Minority interest	0

Market & shares

Market cap (FY-end)	13.7B
Shares outstanding	211M

2025

sustainability report ↗

P&L highlights (USD)

Revenue	41.5B
Cost of revenue	(32.1B)
Gross profit	9.4B
Operating expenses (S&M + G&A)	(7.6B)
Operating income	1.7B
Net income	927M

Balance sheet highlights (USD)

Property, plant & equipment	5B
Total assets	14.8B
Total debt	1.1B
Cash & equivalents	1.6B
Minority interest	0

Market & shares

Market cap (FY-end)	18.5B
Shares outstanding	215.2M

Events 2025· 3

PAS 2080:2023 verification (Power T&D business)

Power Transmission and Distribution business achieved PAS 2080:2023 verification in January 2025. Standard now being embedded into UK-wide Business Management System.

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CEO succession - Philip Hoare to replace Leo Quinn

In March 2025, the Board announced the appointment of Philip Hoare as Group Chief Executive Officer, position to be taken up September 2025. Leo Quinn will step down after 10+ years.

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New £6 billion UK social value target by 2030

After surpassing the £3 billion social value target in 2024 ahead of schedule, Balfour Beatty set a new target to create £6 billion of social value in the UK by 2030 (measured against a 2025 baseline). New target also includes 60,000 hours of engagement with education by 2030.

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2024

sustainability report ↗annual report ↗

Climate · carbon footprint (tCO2e)

Scope 1	143,705
Scope 2 (market-based)	12,826
Scope 3	5.8M
Cat 1 · Purchased goods	5.3M
Cat 2 · Capital goods	14,496
Cat 3 · Fuel + energy	37,461
Cat 4 · Upstream transport	121,096
Cat 5 · Waste in operations	1,829
Cat 6 · Business travel	5,653
Cat 7 · Employee commuting	2,225
Cat 11 · Use of sold products	156
Cat 12 · End-of-life	10
Cat 13 · Downstream leased	1,000
Cat 15 · Investments	242,345
Gross carbon footprint	5.9M
Net carbon footprint	5.9M

Energy (kWh)

Electricity	70.1M
Total energy	628.4M
Renewable energy	(34.8M)
Non-renewable / hydrocarbon	593.5M

Social

h s lost time injury rate	0per 200000 hours
h s fatalities	0count
workforce board female pct	40%
ethnicity minority pct	13%
employee turnover pct	10%
workforce female pct	21%
community investment amount	990.6MGBP

Governance

audit assurance climate levelⓘ	1scale 0-2
board independence pct	78%
esg linked executive pay yn	1boolean

P&L highlights (USD)

Headcount (FTE)	27,311people
Revenue	10B
Cost of revenue	(33.8B)
Gross profit	-23.8B
Operating expenses (S&M + G&A)	(8B)
Operating income	1.6B
Net income	1.2B

Balance sheet highlights (USD)

Property, plant & equipment	136M
Right-of-use (leased) assets	153M
Total assets	5.6B
Total debt	1.1B
Cash & equivalents	1.6B
Minority interest	0

Market & shares

Market cap (FY-end)	16.5B
Shares outstanding	217.7M

Events 2024· 39

Primary: Plant, fleet & generator fuel: efficiency, electrification, alternative fuels

Around 70% of UK Scope 1 emissions come from fuel purchased for plant, fleet and generators. Three-pronged approach: efficiency, electrification, alternative fuels. Implementing fuel hierarchy (zero carbon → low → medium → high), reducing idling, telematics, deploying EcoSense cabins (up to 30% less emissions), EcoNet energy management on sites with 4+ cabins, Power Profiler tool.

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Primary: Resource efficiency and zero avoidable waste

Targets to eliminate non-hazardous excavation waste to landfill in the UK by 2030; zero avoidable waste in the UK by 2040 and US by 2050. The Group has implemented the Construction Leadership Council's zero avoidable waste routemap, deploys Bridging the Gap action plans across Business Units, and developed innovations such as the Geopak reusable packaging system with Whitecroft Lighting (preventing up to 2 tonnes of packaging waste on Dunfermline Learning Campus project).

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Dependent: Supply chain integrity and Scope 3 reduction

SBTi-validated target to reduce Scope 3 purchased goods and services emissions by 25% by 2030 vs 2020 baseline. The Group's Responsible Sourcing team has worked with Materials Engineering to develop carbon and steel decarbonisation roadmaps to 2030. Internal Concrete Knowledge course launched with training on low-carbon concrete. 187 supply chain modern slavery audits completed in 2024.

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SBTi-validated net zero targets adopted

In June 2024 Balfour Beatty launched its evolved Building New Futures sustainability strategy. The Group's near and long-term science-based targets were validated by the SBTi: 42% reduction in Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2030 (vs 2020 baseline), net zero Scope 1 and 2 by 2045, net zero Scope 1, 2 and 3 by 2050, and 25% reduction in Scope 3 purchased goods and services by 2030.

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Net zero target year revised from 2040 to 2045/2050

Following process to stress test targets with SBTi, the Group revised its net zero target for Scope 1 and 2 emissions to 2045, and Scope 3 to 2050, both originally set for 2040.

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Social value target accelerated to 2025

Brought forward the UK based target to create £3 billion of social value by 2025 (previously 2030). Target was achieved in 2024 (£3.46bn since 2021).

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UK Business & Biodiversity Forum Nature Positive Pledge signed

In 2024 committed to the UK Business & Biodiversity Forum's Nature Positive Pledge. Goal to globally halt and reverse nature loss by 2030 (vs 2020 baseline) and recovered by 2050. UK targets to be set in 2025.

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ISO 45003 accreditation for psychological health and safety

In December 2024, Balfour Beatty achieved ISO 45003 accreditation, the first global standard for managing psychological health and safety at work.

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Modern Slavery Statement and supplier audits

Over the year 187 supply chain modern slavery audits were completed. Since starting the audits in 2023, audited 308 supply chain partners. 100% of pre-qualified Constructionline supply chain partners had a modern slavery statement or equivalent in place.

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REGO-backed renewable tariffs; reviewing PPAs

Balfour Beatty uses renewable energy tariffs backed by the Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin (REGO) scheme to address Scope 2 emissions and is reviewing opportunities for Power Purchase Agreements that would directly connect operations to renewable energy sources. Renewables also feature in its fuel hierarchy at the top tier: 'Zero carbon — electricity or green hydrogen created from renewable sources'.

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2023

sustainability report ↗annual report ↗

Climate · carbon footprint (tCO2e)

Scope 1	132,590
Scope 2 (market-based)	12,134
Scope 3	4M
Cat 1 · Purchased goods	3.4M
Cat 2 · Capital goods	35,866
Cat 3 · Fuel + energy	36,912
Cat 4 · Upstream transport	110,016
Cat 5 · Waste in operations	2,460
Cat 6 · Business travel	7,072
Cat 7 · Employee commuting	2,091
Cat 11 · Use of sold products	244
Cat 12 · End-of-life	17
Cat 13 · Downstream leased	1,834
Cat 15 · Investments	342,628
Gross carbon footprint	4.1M
Net carbon footprint	4.1M

Energy (kWh)

Electricity	61.6M
Fuel (stationary + mobile)	562.7M
Total energy	624.4M
Renewable energy	(26.6M)
Non-renewable / hydrocarbon	597.7M
Renewable electricity %	43%

Nature

waste generated t

1Mtonnes

Social

community investment amount	937MGBP
h s lost time injury rate	0per 100000 hours
ethnicity minority pct	12%
employee turnover pct	12%
workforce female pct	20%
h s fatalities	2count
workforce board female pct	33%

Governance

audit assurance climate levelⓘ	1level
esg linked executive pay yn	1yes/no
board independence pct	78%

P&L highlights (USD)

Headcount (FTE)	18,226people
Revenue	9.6B
Cost of revenue	(36.4B)
Gross profit	-26.8B
Operating expenses (S&M + G&A)	(8.1B)
Operating income	1.8B
Net income	1.4B

Balance sheet highlights (USD)

Property, plant & equipment	141M
Right-of-use (leased) assets	135M
Total assets	5.3B
Total debt	836M
Cash & equivalents	1.4B
Minority interest	0

Market & shares

Market cap (FY-end)	19.1B
Shares outstanding	224.8M

Events 2023· 31

Modest on-site solar/hydrogen; reliance on REGO-certified grid electricity

Balfour Beatty does not pursue corporate-wide 100% renewable electricity via PPAs. Instead it procures Renewable Electricity Guarantees of Origin (REGO) certificates - 26,627 MWh in 2023 (up 40% from 2022) - to back UK grid electricity. On-site generation is small-scale: a 320-panel solar PV array at Derby Raynesway depot (102 MWh/yr), thin-film solar at Bottesford depot (10 MWh/yr), and roof-mounted solar at Canvey Island. Gammon (HK JV) operates 480 PV panels at Tseung Kwan O generating ~555 MWh/yr. The Group also operates two green hydrogen fuel cells generating 109 MWh in 2023. Total renewable energy generated is only 173 MWh - the strategy is materially reliant on REGO certificates rather than additional new renewable capacity.

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Dependent: Customer & design team early engagement for low-carbon design

Working with Strategic Design Partners (Jacobs, AtkinsRéalis, Mott MacDonald) and customers from outset to embed low-carbon solutions at design stage. Lesson from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 'Towards a Zero Carbon Construction Site' initiative: early decision-making is vital to reducing emissions across design, construction, operation and decommissioning.

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Dependent: Infrastructure Investments portfolio low-carbon retrofit

For Infrastructure Investments business assets, collaborating with customers to incorporate low-carbon requirements at design stage and retrofit low-carbon solutions to existing assets. For joint ventures and operations without direct operational control, sharing best practice with partners to drive low-carbon innovation adoption.

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Dependent: Supplier engagement for low-carbon purchased goods & services (Scope 3 Cat 1)

Purchased goods and services represent 86% of the Group's Scope 3 emissions and are the largest single decarb lever. Strategy is to engage with key product categories (steel, concrete, cement, aggregates) to obtain primary embodied-carbon data, encourage supplier target setting, collaborate on innovation and source from low-carbon suppliers. The Group co-funded research with the Supply Chain Sustainability School to address data maturity gaps and undertook tender exercises with 40% sustainability weighting for waste contracts. Customer/client engagement on low-carbon project design is also identified as a near-term lever.

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Beyond Net Zero Carbon by 2040 on absolute reduction basis

Balfour Beatty's 2040 ambition is to go 'Beyond Net Zero Carbon' on an absolute reduction basis, with a science-based carbon reduction target by 2030. The strategy emphasises absolute reductions rather than offsetting; the document does not describe a removals portfolio (DAC, BECCS, biochar) or offset retirement programme.

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Primary: Site cabin and welfare energy efficiency (EcoSense / EcoNet)

Balfour Beatty mandates EcoSense site cabins (65% of UK cabins; ~30% less energy than traditional cabins) and the EcoNet energy management system which automatically powers down cabin equipment when not in use. 66 active EcoNet stations were deployed across UK sites at November 2023, saving 1,290 MWh. The mandate is overseen by the in-house Energy Management Unit (EMU).

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Primary: Diesel-to-electric/hydrogen plant and equipment transition

Plant and equipment fuel (predominantly diesel) is the largest source of Group Scope 1 emissions. The Energy Management Unit (EMU) mandates low-energy assets via the Power Profiler tool, has deployed 60+ battery storage units to off-grid sites in 2023, and is trialling hydrogen fuel cell and hydrogen ICE generators, solar/hydrogen mobile welfare units, electric excavators, and hydrogen-hybrid highways maintenance vehicles. A dual-fuel hydrogen retrofit on the M77 project is expected to displace up to 30% of diesel usage. Idling reduction via telematics on the A63 project cut plant idling 36%→17%.

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Dependent: Decarbonising Infrastructure Investments portfolio (Scope 3 Cat 15)

Cat 15 Investments emissions (342,628 tCO2e in 2023) are dominated by Gammon (Hong Kong JV) and US military housing assets. Strategy is to engage closely with Jardine Matheson (Gammon JV partner - which itself has a SBTi-validated 1.5°C near-term target as the first Greater China construction company) and other JV partners to track progress and collaborate on decarbonisation measures. Investment activities target opportunities aligned with the energy transition, including the new Urban Fox EV charging JV (formed March 2023), nascent UK energy transition assets, and OFTO concessions.

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Primary: Circular economy: waste reduction and ProjectSurplus

2030 target of 40% reduction in waste tonnes per £m revenue (achieved for UK in 2023 vs restated 2021 baseline). Bridging the Gap plans embed mandatory waste reduction actions at BU level. ProjectSurplus marketplace launched October 2023 to facilitate transfer of surplus materials between sites. Pallet Loop trialled for pallet timber reuse on Canvey Island and being rolled out. 99% of UK construction waste diverted from landfill in 2023.

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REGO-backed tariffs + reviewing PPAs; on-site green hydrogen trials

Scope 2 reductions pursued via renewable energy tariffs backed by the Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin (REGO) scheme, with PPA opportunities under review for direct connection to renewable sources. Energy efficiency layered in via EcoNet, EcoSense cabins, and Power Profiler. In 2023, generated 109 MWh of energy from green hydrogen (e.g. A63 Castle Street hydrogen power generators, M77 retrofitted hydrogen-diesel vehicles expected to deliver 40% carbon reduction).

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2022

annual report ↗

Climate · carbon footprint (tCO2e)

Scope 1	217,757
Scope 2 (market-based)	34,629
Scope 3	3.3M
Cat 1 · Purchased goods	3M
Cat 2 · Capital goods	17,330
Cat 3 · Fuel + energy	36,796
Cat 4 · Upstream transport	62,013
Cat 5 · Waste in operations	1,551
Cat 6 · Business travel	2,628
Cat 7 · Employee commuting	2,137
Cat 11 · Use of sold products	235
Cat 12 · End-of-life	16
Cat 13 · Downstream leased	1,565
Cat 15 · Investments	383,528
Gross carbon footprint	3.5M
Net carbon footprint	3.5M

Energy (kWh)

Electricity	96.1M
Fuel (stationary + mobile)	546.9M
Total energy	975.5M
Renewable energy	(22.3M)
Non-renewable / hydrocarbon	953.2M

Nature

waste generated t	2.2Mtonnes
waste recycled t	2.1Mtonnes

Social

workforce female pct	20%
ethnicity minority pct	11%
community investment amount	339,835GBP
h s lost time injury rate	0per 100000 hours
h s fatalities	0count
workforce management female pct	25%

Governance

workforce board female pct	33%
audit assurance climate levelⓘ	1scale 0-2
board independence pct	67%
esg linked executive pay yn	1boolean

P&L highlights (USD)

Headcount (FTE)	25,230people
Revenue	7.6B
Cost of revenue	(40.1B)
Gross profit	-32.5B
Operating expenses (S&M + G&A)	(8.6B)
Operating income	3B
Net income	2.5B

Balance sheet highlights (USD)

Property, plant & equipment	104M
Right-of-use (leased) assets	127M
Total assets	5.1B
Total debt	738M
Cash & equivalents	1.2B
Minority interest	0

Market & shares

Market cap (FY-end)	24.1B
Shares outstanding	246.8M

Events 2022· 14

Group rejects offsets/transition fuels in favour of direct decarbonisation

The Group has explicitly chosen NOT to pursue hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) or other transitional fuels as carbon mitigation, on grounds these create worse environmental issues (notably biodiversity impacts in South East Asia) than they solve. The Group is committed to phasing out diesel and fossil fuels via renewable/low-carbon alternatives rather than offsets or biofuels. No durable removals programme (DAC/BECCS/biochar) disclosed. Targets being submitted to SBTi for 1.5°C validation in 2023.

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Dependent: Carbon literacy training and green skills

Group rolling out UK-wide Carbon Conscious Education programme. Executive Committee received Carbon Literacy training in 2022. Each SBU produced carbon action plan in 2022. Gammon launched Carbon Essential and Science-based Target course for project managers, with 250+ attending. Working with partners to ensure training qualifications reflect carbon-related knowledge.

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Primary: Embodied carbon reduction through low-carbon materials (geopolymer concrete, recycled glass)

At the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Biomes project, the Group is trialling geopolymer concrete (a low-carbon concrete substitute made from up to 96% waste materials) and exploring glass recycling from the Victorian Palm house. Surplus topsoil reused locally rather than disposed. Aim is to identify scalable low-carbon alternatives for wider rollout.

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CDP B rating 2022

In December 2022, Balfour Beatty achieved a CDP rating of B which demonstrates that it is taking coordinated action on climate issues.

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Primary: Tunnelling and earthworks emissions intensity

Group acknowledged that 2022 carbon emissions increased in part due to a higher mix of tunnelling and earthworks (most carbon-intensive construction activities). Notes more progress required to embed sustainability into everyday operations as customers seek cost efficiencies. No specific lever target disclosed.

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Dependent: Supply chain decarbonisation through Supply Chain Sustainability School

Group partnered with Supply Chain Sustainability School for second year on supply chain decarbonisation survey ('Greening the Supply Chain'). Survey found 68% of respondents said sector not well enough prepared for net zero, 53% said low-carbon materials pipeline insufficient, 81% said construction practices changing too slowly. 96% report shortfall in skilled people for carbon/sustainability roles. Group provides supply chain training (5,302 hours, 14,000+ e-learning modules in 2022).

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UK electricity 100% backed by REGOs from wind & solar; on-site solar cabins and battery storage

Electricity purchased via the UK-wide supply contract is backed by Renewable Energy Guarantee of Origin (REGO) certifications from solar and wind technologies. In 2022 circa 16,000 MWh of REGOs were procured. The Group also deployed >600 EcoSense cabins and Enertainer lithium-ion battery storage systems (Gammon partnership with AMPD Energy) as primary on-site power instead of diesel generators. In 2022 the Group generated 173 MWh of renewable electricity from solar cabins, solar tower lights, mobile signage and hybrid generation, plus 413 MWh from green hydrogen.

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UK business committed to 1.5°C decarbonisation pathway with SBTi validation in 2023

The UK business has published a Carbon Reduction Plan and committed to a 1.5 degree decarbonisation pathway and will be submitting its reporting methodology to the SBTi for validation in 2023. Gammon (HK JV) became first construction/engineering company in Hong Kong to commit to SBTi in October 2022.

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2030 UK Diversity & Inclusion targets launched

Launched in 2022: 50% increase in female colleagues, 60% increase in minority ethnic colleagues, and 60% increase in Black employees by 31 December 2030 (using 31 December 2021 UK headcount as baseline).

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Methodology and discount rate changes for Investments portfolio valuation

Half-yearly review of methodology resulted in reduction of discount rates for UK portfolio and US military housing, with changes to forecast growth rate, overhead and tax methodology for US military housing. Net £28m increase in portfolio value. Independently reviewed by third-party valuation expert.

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2021

Climate · carbon footprint (tCO2e)

Scope 1	199,002
Scope 2 (market-based)	34,340
Scope 3	3.6M
Cat 1 · Purchased goods	3.1M
Cat 2 · Capital goods	19,954
Cat 3 · Fuel + energy	35,846
Cat 4 · Upstream transport	154,240
Cat 5 · Waste in operations	5,228
Cat 6 · Business travel	2,589
Cat 7 · Employee commuting	2,110
Cat 11 · Use of sold products	137
Cat 12 · End-of-life	18
Cat 13 · Downstream leased	1,225
Cat 15 · Investments	359,353
Gross carbon footprint	3.8M
Net carbon footprint	3.8M

Energy (kWh)

Electricity	94.8M
Fuel (stationary + mobile)	494M
Total energy	997M
Renewable energy	(16.2M)
Non-renewable / hydrocarbon	980.8M

Nature

waste generated t

3.5Mtonnes

Social

community investment amount	717MGBP
workforce female pct	19%
ethnicity minority pct	9%
h s lost time injury rate	0per 100000 hours

P&L highlights (USD)

Revenue	7.2B
Cost of revenue	(36.7B)
Gross profit	-29.5B
Operating expenses (S&M + G&A)	(8.2B)
Operating income	2.4B
Net income	1.8B

Balance sheet highlights (USD)

Property, plant & equipment	98M
Right-of-use (leased) assets	125M
Total assets	4.8B
Total debt	615M
Cash & equivalents	1B
Minority interest	0

Market & shares

Market cap (FY-end)	28.2B
Shares outstanding	259.6M

2020

sustainability report ↗

Climate · carbon footprint (tCO2e)

Scope 1	162,816
Scope 2 (market-based)	38,596
Scope 3	3.7M
Cat 1 · Purchased goods	2.8M
Cat 2 · Capital goods	13,184
Cat 3 · Fuel + energy	28,082
Cat 4 · Upstream transport	164,572
Cat 5 · Waste in operations	2,538
Cat 6 · Business travel	2,023
Cat 7 · Employee commuting	1,055
Cat 11 · Use of sold products	118
Cat 12 · End-of-life	16
Cat 13 · Downstream leased	1,434
Cat 15 · Investments	336,318
Gross carbon footprint	3.9M
Net carbon footprint	3.9M

Energy (kWh)

Electricity	89.6M
Fuel (stationary + mobile)	450.4M
Total energy	765.9M

Nature

waste generated t

1.9Mtonnes

Social

ethnicity minority pct	7%
h s lost time injury rate	0per 100000 hours
workforce female pct	19%

P&L highlights (USD)

Revenue	7.3B
Cost of revenue	(33.6B)
Gross profit	-26.3B
Operating expenses (S&M + G&A)	(8B)
Operating income	2B
Net income	1.5B

Balance sheet highlights (USD)

Property, plant & equipment	5B
Total assets	15.6B
Total debt	1.2B
Cash & equivalents	2.2B
Minority interest	0

Market & shares

Market cap (FY-end)	22.4B
Shares outstanding	264.9M

Events 2020· 14

Building New Futures strategy launched (2040 ambitions, 2030 targets)

In December 2020 the Group published 'Building New Futures' sustainability strategy with 2040 ambitions to go Beyond Net Zero Carbon, Generate Zero Waste, and Positively Impact >1 million people. 2030 targets: achieve science-based carbon reduction target; 40% reduction in waste generated per £m revenue; £3bn social value generated. Baseline year 2020 (waste baseline 2021).

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Adopted dual reporting: Scope 2 location-based and market-based

From 2020 Balfour Beatty discloses Scope 2 using both location-based and market-based methodologies in line with GHG Protocol. Up to 2020 only location-based was reported. The change reflects greater transparency from supply chain partners and visibility of contractual instrument data (RECs, REGOs, PPAs).

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2010 baseline year for sustainability reporting

Baseline year for sustainability performance reporting is set at 2010. Acquisitions and divestments trigger restatement of historic data including the baseline to preserve intensity ratios.

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2020 baseline restated for SBTi submission

Baseline year emissions restated: Scope 1+2 (location) restated from 205,517 to 124,169 tCO2e for 2020. Restatement reflects removal of Gammon and recategorisation as Scope 3 Cat 15.

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Building New Futures sustainability strategy with 2030/2040 targets

Strategy launched in 2020 with 2030 targets (science-based carbon reduction; 40% waste reduction; £3bn social value) and 2040 ambitions (Beyond Net Zero Carbon, Generate Zero Waste, Positively Impact More than 1 Million People).

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Primary: Operational fuel and gas oil (red diesel) for mobile plant

Balfour Beatty captures Scope 1 emissions from natural gas in own estate and project sites, plus gas oil (red diesel) used for mobile plant such as excavators, cranes, generators and heating. Reporting separates stationary vs mobile combustion. Operational mobile plant fuel use is a primary Scope 1 source for the construction business.

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Primary: Vehicle fleet decarbonisation

Fleet petrol and diesel (including 5% biofuel blends, pure diesel, LPG, CNG) used in company-owned and leased vehicles are reported as Scope 1. Claimed mileage from company vehicles is captured; mileage in privately owned vehicles falls to Scope 3.

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Dependent: Purchased goods and services (embodied carbon)

Scope 3 reporting focuses on the top five largest sources of embodied carbon in purchased materials such as sheet steel, cement, aggregate, asphalt and rebar. Responsible sourcing schemes (FSC/PEFC for timber, sector-specific schemes for other materials) underpin supply chain engagement.

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Dependent: Site-derived waste and resource efficiency

Construction, excavation, demolition, office and manufacturing/depot waste are tracked by weight, split between landfill and waste avoided (reused, recycled or recovered). Aligned with the EU Waste Framework Directive and WRAP protocol.

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Dependent: Employee business travel

Scope 3 business travel captures flights, train, ferry, coach journeys and claimed mileage in privately owned vehicles. Although not the largest Scope 3 source, data is captured because it is increasingly available and directly linked to operating costs.

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