Associated British Foods

Carbon per million dollars of revenue. The legacy industry-standard reference (CDP, MSCI). Useful for cross-sector context, but distorted by margin — high-margin firms appear artificially efficient. Read alongside the operational and asset intensities for the full picture.

OpEx (operating expenditure) is the running cost of the business — staff, services, energy, materials. This shows how carbon-intensive operations are per million dollars of spend. Removes the margin distortion that revenue-based ratios introduce.

EVIC (Enterprise Value Including Cash) is the firm's total capital footprint — equity + debt + cash + minority interest. The EU's standard intensity measure (SFDR PAI 3) — answers: how much carbon does each million of capital deployed in this business produce?

PP&E (Property, Plant & Equipment) plus leased real-estate assets is the firm's physical infrastructure on the balance sheet. This shows the carbon intensity of that physical footprint — uses Scope 1+2+3 for consistency with the other headline intensities. Surfaces stranded-asset risk for asset-heavy firms.

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57% of total energy consumed was from renewable sources, predominantly biomass fuels from by-products generated as part of the agricultural production process. 31% of electricity purchased came from renewable sources, mainly from UK and European renewable energy markets. 887 GWh of renewable energy was exported to grids, with ABF Sugar contributing 96% (87% from bagasse). Primark had renewable power contracts in 8 countries covering approximately 64% of its electricity demand by end of 2023/24.

ABF Sugar does not intend to utilise carbon offsets in its decarbonisation strategy. At present, Primark has not included carbon offsets in its transition planning. The Group's approach prioritises real operational reductions through energy efficiency, fuel switching, and renewable energy procurement rather than offsets or removals.

• AB Mauri water treatment and biogas co-generation

  AB Mauri reduced Scope 1 and 2 (location-based) GHG emissions by 13% year-on-year through energy efficiency including advanced fermentation aeration, high-efficiency natural gas boilers, and heat recovery technologies. Built new biogas co-generation plant in Pederneiras, Brazil, that produces electrical and thermal energy from steam and hot water via anaerobic digestion. $120m invested in water treatment since 2010.

• British Sugar Wissington energy reduction project

  Major energy reduction project at Wissington in the UK installed additional evaporators, heat exchangers and processing equipment. Delivered emissions reductions of 30,000 tonnes of carbon per year and reduced demand for process steam by 25%. British Sugar invested approximately £96m from 2018 baseline through 2023/24, achieving cumulative reduction of around 162 kt CO2e and 21% reduction against the baseline.

• Fuel switching and CHP at British Sugar

  Switched fuel source for animal feed dryers at Bury and Newark to natural gas, reducing carbon emissions by 20,000 tonnes this year. Installing a modular gas-fired combined heat and power plant at Cantley site, operational in 2025, reducing emissions by 16,000 tonnes per year. Technology sets up for fuel flexibility as plant can be fuelled by hydrogen.

• Primark store energy efficiency and renewable procurement

  Energy Bureau system manages energy consumption remotely across stores. LED lightbulb rollout increased from 141 stores in July 2023 to 274 in July 2024. Renewable power contracts in 8 countries covering ~64% of Primark's electricity demand. Scope 1 and 2 (market-based) emissions reduced by 21% year-on-year and 52% below 2018/19 baseline.

• Primark supplier energy efficiency and renewables programme

  Primark has been working with key suppliers on a decarbonisation programme focused on improving energy efficiency and moving away from carbon-intensive fuel mix within manufacturing under tier 1, tier 2 and tier 3. Engaged 108 factories cumulatively across Bangladesh, India, China, Cambodia. Initiated collective renewable power procurement in India with 39 factories. Scope 3 emissions reduced 12% year-on-year in 2023/24.

• Recycled and sustainable materials in Primark clothing

  66% of Primark clothing units sold in 2023/24 contained recycled or more sustainably sourced materials, up from 55% the previous year. Target is all Primark clothes from recycled or more sustainably sourced materials by 2030. 57% of cotton clothing units sold contained organic, recycled or Primark Cotton Project cotton. Trained 286 suppliers on Cares standards requirements.