GSK — full event log

GSK reached agreement with Pfizer and Shionogi for the 11.7% economic interest in ViiV Healthcare held by Pfizer to be replaced with an investment by Shionogi, increasing Shionogi's stake to 21.7% while GSK maintains 78.3%; this will extinguish the Pfizer put option liability.

sustainability_report p.273

GSK reached agreement with Pfizer and Shionogi for the 11.7% economic interest in ViiV Healthcare currently held by Pfizer to be replaced with an investment by Shionogi (increasing Shionogi's stake to 21.7%), while GSK maintains its 78.3% interest; on completion GSK will extinguish the Pfizer put option liability (£822m at 31 Dec 2025) through retained earnings.

sustainability_report p.273

GSK's Scope 3 data is currently based on a one-year lag (latest available is 2024 data at time of this report); the company states it is aiming to report in-year data across all scopes from 2026, which would improve timeliness and accuracy of emissions disclosure.

sustainability_report p.76

Emma Walmsley stepped down as CEO and Director on 31 December 2025 after leading an extensive transformation of GSK since 2017; Luke Miels, previously Chief Commercial Officer, became CEO effective 1 January 2026 following a multi-year Board-led succession process.

sustainability_report p.8

GSK completed the acquisition of BP Asset IX, Inc., a subsidiary of Boston Pharmaceuticals, providing access to efimosfermin alfa, a phase III-ready investigational medicine for steatotic liver disease.

sustainability_report p.242

GSK has finalised scope and methodology for its target of a 25% environmental impact reduction for products and packaging by 2030, focused on products anticipated to be the main drivers of its 2030 carbon footprint. As of 2025, 42% of in-scope products (including anti-infectives and respiratory portfolios) have environmental impact reduction plans in place, with all in-scope products targeted to have plans by end-2026.

sustainability_report p.54

As part of its Scope 1 direct-operations decarbonisation pathway to 2030, GSK is increasing the use of electric vehicles within its sales fleet, while acknowledging risks from vehicle availability, charging infrastructure and battery production constraints that could restrict full transition to 100% EVs by 2030.

sustainability_report p.73

GSK's reliever inhaler Ventolin accounts for ~43% of its total carbon footprint due to the high global-warming-potential HFA134a propellant. GSK has developed a next-generation Ventolin MDI using the low-carbon propellant HFA-152a, with positive pivotal phase III data confirming a 92% reduction in per-inhaler carbon footprint; regulatory submissions are underway with launch expected from 2026.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK achieved its 2025 target to transition 100% of imported electricity to renewable sources, ahead of its broader 2030 target of 100% renewably imported and generated electricity (currently at 85%).

sustainability_report p.53

2024 data on employee disciplinary actions and regulatory inspections was restated/updated for accuracy in the 2025 report, with the number of regulatory inspections revised from 114 as originally reported.

sustainability_report p.46

Emma Walmsley stepped down as CEO and director on 31 December 2025 after leading an extensive transformation of GSK since 2017; Luke Miels, previously Chief Commercial Officer, became CEO effective 1 January 2026, following a multi-year structured succession process.

sustainability_report p.8

GSK entered into an agreement with the US Government in December 2025 to lower the cost of prescription medicines for American patients, covering GSK and ViiV Healthcare, including a 3-year exclusion from Section 232 tariffs on pharmaceuticals manufactured in the UK.

sustainability_report p.82

GSK completed the acquisition of 100% of IDRx, Inc., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing precision therapeutics for gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), including lead molecule IDRX-42 (now velzatinib), for upfront consideration of approximately £840 million plus contingent milestones.

sustainability_report p.242

GSK completed the acquisition of 100% of BP Asset IX, Inc., a subsidiary of Boston Pharmaceuticals providing access to efimosfermin alfa, a phase III-ready investigational medicine for steatotic liver disease, for upfront consideration of approximately £906 million plus contingent milestones.

sustainability_report p.242

GSK entered a definitive agreement with Samsung Biologics for the sale of 100% of its equity investment in Human Genome Sciences, principally including the Rockville manufacturing site, with completion anticipated toward the end of Q1 2026.

sustainability_report p.220

GSK's long-standing energy efficiency programme targets its own operations (Scope 1 & 2), including switching to renewable electricity, generating heat through renewable electricity or biofuels, and increasing use of electric vehicles by its sales fleet. In 2025, the company reduced Scope 1 & 2 carbon emissions by 14% compared with 2024, and by 45% compared with the 2020 baseline, driven by process efficiencies and renewable electricity adoption at multiple manufacturing sites.

sustainability_report p.52

GSK achieved its 2025 target of 100% renewably imported electricity and is working toward 100% renewably imported and generated electricity by 2030 (currently 85%). Key actions include installing on-site renewable electricity generation at 23 manufacturing sites, switching Singapore facilities to renewable electricity, and co-leading a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with peers and suppliers in China (via the Sustainable Markets Initiative Health Systems Task Force) that will unlock approximately 225 GWh of renewable electricity annually for medicine R&D and manufacturing.

sustainability_report p.53

GSK received a CDP rating of A in Climate Change, A in Water Security, B in Forests, and was named a Supplier Engagement Leader, as reported in external benchmarking as at February 2026.

sustainability_report p.49

GSK's Sustainable Procurement Programme requires suppliers to disclose emissions and set carbon reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C pathway. Supply chain emissions fell 6% in 2025 primarily due to suppliers switching to renewable electricity, supported by collaborative initiatives such as the 12-company China PPA unlocking ~225 GWh of renewable electricity annually.

sustainability_report p.53

Scope 3 supply chain emissions (largely purchased goods/API, representing 38% of value chain footprint) are addressed through GSK's Sustainable Procurement Programme, which requires suppliers to disclose emissions and set carbon reduction targets aligned with a 1.5°C pathway. Supply chain emissions decreased 6% in 2025 primarily due to suppliers switching to renewable electricity, aided by the SMI Health Systems Task Force collaborative China PPA benefiting 12 companies.

sustainability_report p.53

GSK's Scope 3 emissions data for 2025 was not yet complete at time of report publication; the company used 2024 data (latest available) for most Scope 3 categories, except patient use of inhalers, and aims to report in-year Scope 3 data across all scopes from 2026 onwards.

sustainability_report p.76

GSK was selected by the Science Based Target Network (SBTN) pilot to set science-based nature targets and is now among the first companies globally with independently validated targets for land and freshwater, reporting against the TNFD framework.

sustainability_report p.53

Emissions from logistics represent 4% of GSK's value chain carbon footprint. While not extensively detailed as a standalone lever, this is captured within the company's broader supply chain and Scope 3 categorization efforts as part of its overall net-zero pathway to 2045.

sustainability_report p.52

GSK entered into a definitive agreement with Samsung Biologics for the sale of 100% of its equity investment in Human Genome Sciences, principally comprising the Rockville, Maryland manufacturing site; classified as held for sale at year end with completion expected Q1 2026.

sustainability_report p.220

GSK finalized the scope and methodology for its target of 25% environmental impact reduction for products and packaging by 2030, with 42% of in-scope products (anti-infectives and respiratory portfolios) now having environmental impact reduction plans in place.

sustainability_report p.54

GSK's long-standing energy efficiency programme, onsite solar deployment across 23 sites, and transition of heat generation toward renewable electricity or biofuels drove a 14% reduction in Scope 1&2 emissions in 2025 versus 2024 (45% below 2020 baseline), alongside adoption of automation/robotics and electronic batch records to cut material and paper waste.

sustainability_report p.52

GSK targets 100% of key naturally-derived materials (e.g. aluminium, cellulose, palm oil, paper packaging, rapeseed oil, soy, sugar) to be sustainably sourced and deforestation-free by 2030; in 2025, 51% of these materials met this standard. The company also targets a 10% reduction in supply chain waste by 2030 (achieved 3% reduction so far, largely through aluminium packaging supplier engagement) and a 25% reduction in environmental impact of products and packaging by 2030, with eco-design plans now covering 42% of in-scope products.

sustainability_report p.54

Millions of patients use Ventolin, GSK's reliever metered dose inhaler, which accounts for 43-52% of the company's total carbon footprint due to the propellant's high global warming potential. GSK developed a next-generation Ventolin MDI using HFA-152a, a low-carbon propellant, which has shown a 92% reduction in carbon footprint per inhaler in phase III trials. Regulatory submissions have been made with launch expected from 2026, representing GSK's single largest primary decarbonization lever given its dominance of use-of-sold-product emissions.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK plans to secure high-quality carbon credits for the 20% of emissions estimated to be residual by 2030 (and a maximum 10% by 2045), aiming to secure all 2030 credits via nature-based project investments by 2028; at end-2025 the company had secured credits for 8% of estimated residual emissions (40% of required volume), including additional investment in a peat and mangrove restoration project in Indonesia. Criteria for high-quality projects include community consent, additionality, permanence, leakage mitigation, and avoidance of double counting.

sustainability_report p.54

GSK's strategy centers on transitioning to 100% renewably imported and generated electricity by 2030 (Scope 2). In 2025 the company achieved its target of 100% renewably imported electricity and is at 85% for the combined imported and generated target. Key actions included switching to renewable electricity at Singapore facilities and installing onsite renewable electricity generation at five sites. The company also co-led a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with peers and suppliers in China through the Sustainable Markets Initiative (SMI) Health Systems Task Force, unlocking approximately 225 GWh of renewable electricity annually for the research, development and manufacture of medicines. 23 manufacturing sites now use solar energy.

sustainability_report p.52

GSK's approach to removals/offsets is centered on high-quality nature-based project investments rather than technological removals like DAC or BECCS. The company plans to secure carbon credits for the 20% of emissions estimated to be residual in 2030, and a maximum of 10% residual by 2045 (from a 2020 baseline), aiming to secure all 2030 target carbon credits by 2028. At end of 2025, GSK had secured credits for 8% of estimated residual emissions (40% of required volume), including additional investment in a peat and mangrove restoration project in Indonesia. Criteria for high-quality projects include prior community consent, avoidance of harm, additionality, permanence, and avoidance of double counting.

sustainability_report p.54

At the start of 2025 GSK updated its 2031 sales outlook to more than £40 billion (risk-adjusted, at constant exchange rates) and announced a £2 billion share buyback programme to be completed over 18 months, reflecting increased confidence in pipeline delivery and growth trajectory.

sustainability_report p.82

GSK achieved its 2025 target to transition 100% of imported electricity to renewable sources, ahead of the broader 2030 target of 100% renewably imported and generated electricity (currently at 85% including generated).

sustainability_report p.53

As part of efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance, GSK extended its BSI AMR Kitemark certifications in 2025, with five additional manufacturing sites completing certification (following Worthing antibiotics site in 2024), giving independent assurance that antibiotics manufacturing meets rigorous international standards.

sustainability_report p.46

GSK was selected by the Science Based Target Network (SBTN) pilot and is among the first companies globally with independently validated science-based targets for land and freshwater. GSK also reports against the Taskforce for Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) framework.

sustainability_report p.53

GSK announced positive pivotal phase III data for a next-generation low-carbon version of Ventolin MDI using HFA-152a propellant, showing a 92% reduction in carbon footprint per inhaler versus current HFA134a version; Ventolin currently represents ~43% of GSK's total carbon footprint. Regulatory submissions underway, with launch expected from 2026.

sustainability_report p.18

Following updated WHO guidance, GSK expanded its voluntary licence with the Medicines Patent Pool to include long-acting cabotegravir (in combination with rilpivirine) for HIV treatment in 133 countries, part of broader HIV access commitments reaching 26 million people across 129 countries with generic dolutegravir.

sustainability_report p.50

GSK recorded a £1.8 billion charge in Q3 2024 relating to the Zantac product liability litigation settlement, reducing 2024 Total operating profit to £4,021m vs £7,932m in 2025. £1,195m of cash settlement payments were made in 2025 following resolution of 93% of US state court cases.

sustainability_report p.80

GSK targets a 25% environmental impact reduction for products and packaging by 2030, zero operational waste (including eliminating single-use plastics) by 2030, and a 10% waste reduction from its supply chain by 2030.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK states its six ESG focus areas are aligned with the UN SDGs, and as a global biopharma company its most significant contribution is to SDG3: Good Health and Wellbeing.

sustainability_report p.4

GSK targets: achieve good water stewardship at 100% of sites by 2025; reduce overall operational water use by 20% by 2030 (already achieved as of 2022, with a further 1% reduction in 2023, 24% cumulative reduction vs 2020 baseline); be water neutral in own operations and key suppliers in water-stressed regions by 2030; and achieve zero-impact API levels for all sites/key suppliers by 2030.

sustainability_report p.20

GSK committed to adopting TNFD-aligned disclosures from 2026 (based on 2025 data) and was selected in 2023 to join the first group of companies in SBTN's initial target validation process, starting with freshwater and land targets.

sustainability_report p.20

In 2023, the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) approved GSK's net zero target for 2045 in line with its Corporate Net-Zero Standard, covering 90% absolute emissions reduction from a 2020 baseline across all scopes plus neutralisation of residual emissions.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK changed its waste and materials methodology in 2023 to only include waste and materials leaving its sites, restating 2021 and 2022 waste and materials data to reflect this change.

sustainability_report p.25

GSK identifies its six ESG focus areas as aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, stating that as a global biopharma company it can make the most significant contribution to SDG3: Good Health and Wellbeing.

sustainability_report p.4

GSK committed to adopting Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD)-aligned disclosures in 2026, based on 2025 data, and began implementing final TNFD recommendations in its 2023 Annual Report disclosure.

sustainability_report p.20

Goods and services purchased for manufacturing (Scope 3 supply chain) represent approximately 31% of GSK's total carbon footprint, which fell 2% in 2023. GSK's Sustainable Procurement Programme requires suppliers to act on climate and nature, with contract clauses on carbon reduction targeted at its top 30 suppliers by climate/nature impact; in 2023, 23% of these suppliers had submitted science-based targets for validation, with 8 approved. GSK collaborates industry-wide through the Activate and Energize programmes and the Sustainable Markets Initiative (SMI) Health Systems Task Force to reduce active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) production emissions.

sustainability_report p.19

Patient use of GSK's Ventolin (salbutamol) rescue metered-dose inhaler, prescribed to ~35 million people worldwide, accounts for just under half (48%) of GSK's total value-chain carbon footprint due to its propellant. GSK is investing in a low-carbon programme to transition to a next-generation, lower-carbon propellant with the potential to cut inhaler-related greenhouse gas emissions by 90%. Phase III trials begin in 2024, with regulatory submissions expected from 2025, supplementing GSK's existing low-carbon dry powder inhalers.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK reduced its Scope 1 and 2 market-based carbon emissions by 10% in 2023 versus 2022, and by 27% versus its 2020 baseline, primarily through energy efficiency measures and increased use of renewable electricity. Its Nashik site in India cut emissions by 93% since 2020 by switching to renewable biomass for heat and renewable electricity for power.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK's net zero pathway targets an 80% absolute emissions reduction from a 2020 baseline by 2030 across all scopes, with investment in nature-based solutions covering the remaining 20% of its footprint; by 2045 it targets 90% reduction plus neutralisation of all residual emissions. GSK is an investor in Climate Asset Management's Nature Based Carbon Fund, which invests at landscape scale in grassland, agriculture, forestry, wetlands and coastal carbon projects in developing economies - a 15-year investment expected to secure approximately a quarter of the carbon credits GSK needs by 2030. In 2023, 35% of the volume in GSK's targeted 2.1 MtCO2 carbon offset project pipeline had been secured. GSK's approach emphasises nature-based, verified, long-lasting credits rather than engineered removal technologies such as DAC or BECCS.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK revised the 22 metrics underlying its 2023 ESG Performance Rating: two metrics (relating to Access and Ethical standards) were removed after being achieved or deemed ineffective, one new metric on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was added, and additional ethical-standards metrics were introduced.

sustainability_report p.5

When GSK published 'Our plan for contributing to a nature positive world' in September 2023, it updated its nature target categories from the previous grouping (water, waste and materials, biodiversity) to align with the four TNFD/SBTN-defined areas of nature (freshwater, land, oceans, atmosphere). The underlying targets themselves remained unchanged.

sustainability_report p.20

In 2023, GSK improved its reporting processes and systems and carried out increased training in Safety and Incident Reporting, which contributed to an uplift in reported injuries and illnesses with lost time compared with prior years (e.g. lost-time injury rate rose from 0.10 to 0.13 per 100,000 hours).

sustainability_report p.39

In 2023, GSK enhanced its analytics of disciplinary actions taken and identified additional cases from prior years where disciplinary action had not previously been reported, resulting in net upward restatements of employees disciplined for policy violations for 2020 (+1), 2021 (+3) and 2022 (+3).

sustainability_report p.33

In 2023, seven GSK laboratories in the US, Canada and UK achieved My Green Lab Certification (considered the gold standard for laboratory sustainability), with three receiving the highest certification level; ten laboratories are now certified across the network with ten more in assessment.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK identifies its six ESG focus areas as aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, stating that as a global biopharma company it can make its most significant contribution to SDG3: Good Health and Wellbeing, and publishes its broader SDG contribution on gsk.com.

sustainability_report p.4

GSK received a CDP rating of A- in Climate Change, A- in Water Security, B in Forests (palm oil) and B in Forests (timber) for 2023, alongside continued membership of the FTSE4Good Index and top ranking in the S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment for pharmaceuticals.

sustainability_report p.2

GSK updated its biodiversity target after achieving its previous target (number of high-risk materials implementing sustainable sourcing roadmaps) in 2022. The new target focuses on deforestation-free sourcing of paper and palm oil.

sustainability_report p.5

In May 2023, GSK was selected to participate in the initial Science Based Targets Network (SBTN) target validation process, starting with freshwater and land targets, followed by oceans and biodiversity. GSK also committed to adopting TNFD-aligned disclosures from 2026 (based on 2025 data), having already begun implementing TNFD's final recommendations (published September 2023) in its 2023 Annual Report disclosure.

sustainability_report p.20

GSK expanded the scope of its wastewater/API discharge-limit monitoring programme in 2023 to include more API suppliers. This led to a decrease in the reported percentage of sites/suppliers confirmed compliant with AMR Alliance and Wastewater API limits, from 94% in 2022 to 87% in 2023, driven by the larger supplier population assessed rather than worsening performance.

sustainability_report p.20

GSK is a member of the RE100 initiative, committed to reaching 100% of imported electricity from renewable sources by 2025 and 100% of all electricity generated and imported from renewable sources by 2030 (Scope 2 target). In 2023 GSK reached 83% imported renewable electricity, up from 73% in 2022 and 46% in 2020. Key actions include a power purchase agreement (PPA) to source renewable electricity covering 50% of European site electricity demand from mid-2026, two additional wind turbines and a new solar farm at the Irvine, Scotland manufacturing facility, and on-site renewable generation (17 GWh in 2023).

sustainability_report p.19

GSK changed its waste and materials methodology in 2023 to only include waste and materials leaving its sites, and restated 2021 and 2022 waste data to reflect the new, narrower boundary.

sustainability_report p.25

In 2023, the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) approved GSK's net zero target for 2045 in line with its Corporate Net-Zero Standard. Target includes 90% absolute reduction in emissions from a 2020 baseline across all scopes plus neutralisation of residual emissions, alongside an interim target of 80% absolute reduction by 2030 with nature-based investment for the remaining 20%.

sustainability_report p.19

Supply chain (purchased goods/services) emissions account for approximately 31% of GSK's total carbon footprint and fell 2% in 2023. GSK's Sustainable Procurement Programme requires suppliers to act on climate and nature, prioritising its top 30 suppliers by climate/nature impact; in 2023, 23% of these had submitted science-based targets for validation (8 approved). GSK also participates in cross-industry programmes (Activate, Energize, SMI Health Systems Task Force) to reduce active pharmaceutical ingredient production emissions, with 10 of its top 30 suppliers registered for Activate.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK reduced Scope 1 and 2 market-based emissions by 10% in 2023 vs 2022 and 27% vs the 2020 baseline, driven by energy efficiency measures and increased renewable electricity use. Example: the Nashik site in India cut emissions 93% since 2020 by switching to renewable biomass heat and renewable electricity. GSK is also a member of EV100, committing to transition 100% of its vehicle fleet to electric/hybrid by 2030 and install chargers at 100 sites; in 2023, EVs/hybrids made up 6% of the sales fleet and 16% of the total fleet, with charging points at 30 major sites.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK's net zero pathway targets an 80% absolute GHG reduction across all scopes by 2030 (vs 2020 baseline), with the remaining 20% addressed via investment in nature-based carbon solutions rather than durable removal technologies like DAC or BECCS. GSK is an investor in Climate Asset Management's Nature Based Carbon Fund, investing in grassland, agriculture, forestry, wetlands and coastal carbon projects in developing economies over a 15-year horizon, aiming to secure roughly a quarter of the credits needed by 2030. GSK's ESG Performance Rating tracks 'percentage of carbon offset volume in project pipeline' -- 35% of a targeted 2.1 MtCO2 offsetting volume was secured in the 2030 project pipeline by 2023.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK is a member of the RE100 initiative, committing to reach 100% of imported electricity from renewable sources by 2025 and 100% of all electricity generated and imported from renewable sources (Scope 2) by 2030. In 2023, GSK reached 83% imported renewable electricity, up from 73% in 2022. GSK signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) to cover 50% of European site electricity demand with renewable sources from mid-2026, and added two wind turbines and a new solar farm at its Irvine, Scotland manufacturing facility.

sustainability_report p.19

In 2023, the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) approved GSK's net zero target for 2045 in line with its Corporate Net-Zero Standard. Targets include 80% absolute GHG reduction across all scopes by 2030 (vs 2020 baseline) plus nature-based investment for the remaining 20%, and 90% reduction by 2045 with residual emissions neutralised.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK announced its commitment to adopting TNFD-aligned disclosures in 2026 based on 2025 data, having already begun implementing the final TNFD recommendations in its 2023 Annual Report (page 70).

sustainability_report p.20

GSK expanded the scope of its wastewater active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) discharge compliance monitoring to include more API suppliers in 2023, causing the compliance percentage to drop from 94% (2022) to 87% (2023) despite stable underlying performance at GSK-owned sites (100% compliant).

sustainability_report p.19

GSK reports alignment with the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals and states that as a global biopharma company it can make the most significant contribution to SDG3: Good Health and Wellbeing.

sustainability_report p.4

Methodology changed in 2023 to only include waste and materials leaving GSK sites; 2021 and 2022 waste and materials data were restated to reflect this narrower boundary.

sustainability_report p.25

In 2023, the Fair Wage Network certified GSK as a Living Wage employer after reviewing the global gap analysis conducted in 2022, confirming all GSK workers are paid at or above the living wage in their relevant markets.

sustainability_report p.31

GSK's prior biodiversity target (number of high-risk materials implementing sustainable sourcing roadmaps) was achieved in 2022 and retired. The new target focuses on deforestation-free sourcing of paper and palm oil.

sustainability_report p.5

In 2023, GSK enhanced its analytics of discipline types and identified additional cases from prior years where disciplinary action was not previously reported, restating employees-disciplined figures with net increases of +1 (2020), +3 (2021) and +3 (2022).

sustainability_report p.33

In May 2023, GSK was selected to be part of the first group of companies participating in the Science Based Targets Network (SBTN) initial target validation process, starting with freshwater and land targets, followed by oceans and biodiversity.

sustainability_report p.20

Other than propellant emissions (collected via internal systems), GSK states it will not have an accurate picture of full 2023 Scope 3 emissions (categories 1-15 totals) until later in the year, so most Scope 3 category rows show 2023 as unavailable in this report.

sustainability_report p.23

GSK reduced Scope 1 and 2 market-based emissions by 10% in 2023 versus 2022, and by 27% versus its 2020 baseline, primarily through energy efficiency measures and increased renewable electricity use. The company targets an 80% absolute reduction in emissions across all scopes from its 2020 baseline by 2030.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK obtained independent limited assurance over its 2023 ESG Performance data from two separate assurance providers, DNV Business Assurance Services UK Limited (broad ESG dataset) and Deloitte LLP (climate/energy/water metrics per ISAE 3000/3410).

sustainability_report p.55

In 2023, the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) approved GSK's net zero target for 2045 in line with its Corporate Net-Zero Standard, the world's only framework for corporate net zero target setting in line with climate science. Targets include 80% absolute GHG reduction by 2030 (2020 baseline) and 90% by 2045 with residual emissions neutralised.

sustainability_report p.19

In May 2023, GSK was selected to participate in the initial target validation process with the Science Based Targets Network (SBTN) to set validated science-based targets for nature, starting with freshwater and land, followed by oceans and biodiversity.

sustainability_report p.20

GSK announced its commitment to adopting TNFD-aligned disclosures in 2026, based on 2025 data, and began implementing the final TNFD recommendations (published September 2023) in its 2023 disclosure.

sustainability_report p.20

Methodology changed in 2023 to only include waste and materials leaving GSK sites; 2021 and 2022 waste and materials data were restated to reflect this narrower boundary.

sustainability_report p.25

Compliance with AMR Alliance and API Wastewater discharge limits fell from 94% in 2022 to 87% in 2023, driven by GSK expanding scope to include more API suppliers in the assessment, decreasing the average compliance percentage while increasing overall coverage/transparency.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK's prior biodiversity target (number of high-risk materials implementing sustainable sourcing roadmaps) was achieved in 2022, so the target was updated in 2023 to focus on deforestation-free sourcing of paper and palm oil.

sustainability_report p.5

In 2023, the Fair Wage Network certified GSK as a Living Wage employer after reviewing the global gap analysis conducted in 2022, confirming all GSK workers are paid at or above the living wage in their relevant markets.

sustainability_report p.31

Patient use of GSK's Ventolin metered-dose inhaler, driven by its propellant, accounts for roughly 48% of GSK's total value-chain carbon footprint (57% for all inhalers) and contributed to a Scope 3 increase in 2023 due to higher sales. GSK is investing in a next-generation, lower-carbon propellant with potential to cut inhaler emissions by 90%; Phase III trials begin in 2024 with regulatory submissions targeted from 2025.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK added a new metric within Global health and health security focused on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to its 2023 ESG Performance Rating, reflecting increased stakeholder interest in this urgent public health threat.

sustainability_report p.5

GSK removed two metrics from its 2023 ESG Performance Rating relating to Access (objective met via publishing pricing and access principles) and Ethical standards (tracking employees leaving for misconduct, deemed an ineffective threshold measure), while adding one new AMR metric.

sustainability_report p.5

GSK reports that as a global biopharma company, it can make its most significant contribution to SDG3: Good Health and Wellbeing, among the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

sustainability_report p.4

GSK's net-zero pathway calls for 90% absolute emissions reduction across all scopes from a 2020 baseline by 2045, with all residual emissions neutralised, plus investment in nature-based solutions for the remaining 20% of its footprint by 2030. GSK is an investor in Climate Asset Management's Nature Based Carbon Fund, a 15-year investment across grassland, agriculture, forestry, wetlands and coastal carbon projects in developing economies, aiming to secure roughly a quarter of the credits GSK needs by 2030. As of 2023, 35% of the 2.1 MtCO2 offsetting volume needed by 2030 was already secured in the project pipeline. GSK's approach emphasises long-lasting, verified impact for climate, biodiversity and local communities rather than short-term avoidance credits.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK has set targets for zero operational waste (including eliminating single-use plastics) by 2030, and a 10% reduction in supply chain waste by 2030, alongside a 25% environmental impact reduction target for products and packaging by 2030.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK's 2023 external ESG benchmarking included CDP scores of A- in Climate change, A- in Water security, B in Forests (palm oil) and B in Forests (timber).

sustainability_report p.2

GSK set targets for a 25% environmental impact reduction for products and packaging by 2030, zero operational waste (including eliminating single-use plastics) by 2030, and a 10% waste reduction from its supply chain by 2030.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK is a member of the RE100 initiative, committed to reaching 100% imported renewable electricity by 2025 and 100% of all electricity generated and imported from renewable sources by 2030 (Scope 2 target). In 2023, GSK reached 83% imported renewable electricity, up 10 percentage points from 2022. GSK signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) to source renewable electricity covering 50% of its European sites' electricity demand from mid-2026, and added two wind turbines plus a new solar farm at its Irvine, Scotland manufacturing facility. Its Nashik site in India cut emissions 93% since 2020 by switching to renewable biomass for heat and renewable electricity.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK prioritises nature-based investments for the carbon credits needed to neutralise the residual 20% of its 2020 footprint by 2030 as part of its net zero pathway. GSK is an investor in Climate Asset Management's Nature Based Carbon Fund, targeting landscape-scale investment in grassland, agriculture, forestry, wetlands and coastal carbon projects in developing economies over a 15-year horizon, aiming to secure approximately a quarter of the credits GSK needs by 2030. In 2023, 35% of the carbon offset volume required for its 2.1 MtCO2 2030 project pipeline had been secured. GSK also published an open-source toolkit with Pollination to embed health outcomes into nature-based project design.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK reduced Scope 1 and 2 market-based emissions by 10% in 2023 versus 2022 (27% versus its 2020 baseline), driven primarily by energy efficiency measures and increased use of renewable electricity across its manufacturing and office sites.

sustainability_report p.19

Patient use of GSK's Ventolin rescue inhaler, due to its current propellant, accounts for just under half (48%) of GSK's total value chain carbon footprint (use of sold products overall is 57%). GSK is investing in a next-generation, lower-carbon propellant with the potential to cut inhaler-related GHG emissions by 90%; Phase III trials begin in 2024 with regulatory submissions targeted from 2025. Scope 3 emissions rose in 2023 partly due to higher sales of this product ahead of the transition.

sustainability_report p.19

Supply chain emissions, representing approximately 31% of GSK's total footprint, fell 2% in 2023. GSK's Sustainable Procurement Programme requires suppliers to act on climate and nature, with carbon-reduction contract clauses rolled out to its top 30 suppliers by impact; 23% of these had submitted science-based targets for validation by 2023, with 8 approved. GSK collaborates via industry initiatives (Activate, Energize, SMI Health Systems Task Force) to reduce active pharmaceutical ingredient production emissions.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK is a member of the EV100 initiative, committed to transitioning 100% of its vehicle fleet to electric or hybrid vehicles and installing chargers at 100 sites by 2030. In 2023, plug-in hybrid or fully electric vehicles made up 6% of the sales fleet and 16% of the total fleet, with chargers installed at 30 major sites (nearly 500 charging points).

sustainability_report p.19

GSK is a member of RE100 (100% imported renewable electricity by 2025; 100% total renewable electricity by 2030) and EV100 (100% fleet electrification and chargers at 100 sites by 2030). In 2023, GSK reached 83% imported renewable electricity and had EV/hybrid vehicles making up 6% of the sales fleet and 16% of the total fleet.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK's net zero pathway targets an 80% absolute emissions reduction from a 2020 baseline by 2030, with investment in nature-based solutions covering the remaining 20% of its footprint, and a 90% reduction by 2045 with all residual emissions neutralised. GSK is an investor in Climate Asset Management's Nature Based Carbon Fund, a 15-year investment across grassland, agriculture, forestry, wetlands and coastal carbon projects in developing economies, aiming to secure approximately a quarter of the credits needed by 2030. As of 2023, 35% of the 2.1 MtCO2 carbon offset volume needed for the 2030 project pipeline had been secured. GSK also co-published a toolkit with Pollination to embed human health considerations into nature-based project design.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK removed two ESG Performance Rating metrics (relating to Access and Ethical standards) in 2023 as targets were achieved or deemed ineffective as thresholds, and added a new metric on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) R&D projects within Global health and health security.

sustainability_report p.5

GSK met its original target for 100% of sites to achieve good water stewardship (as defined by the Alliance for Water Stewardship) in 2023, two years ahead of the 2030 target date, and previously met its 20% overall water use reduction target in 2022, eight years early.

sustainability_report p.53

GSK is an RE100 member targeting 100% imported renewable electricity by 2025 and 100% total (imported and generated) electricity from renewable sources by 2030 (Scope 2). In 2023, GSK reached 83% imported renewable electricity, up from 73% in 2022, driven by increased purchased renewable electricity and on-site generation. GSK signed a power purchase agreement to source renewable electricity covering 50% of its European electricity demand from mid-2026, and added two wind turbines plus a new solar farm at its Irvine, Scotland manufacturing facility. Its Nashik site in India cut emissions 93% since 2020 by switching to renewable biomass for heat and renewable electricity.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK is a member of the RE100 initiative, committed to sourcing 100% of imported electricity from renewable sources by 2025 and 100% of all electricity generated and imported from renewable sources by 2030 (Scope 2). In 2023, GSK reached 83% imported renewable electricity, up from 73% in 2022, driven by increased renewable procurement and on-site generation. GSK signed a power purchase agreement (PPA) to cover 50% of its European electricity demand with renewable sources from mid-2026, and added two wind turbines plus a new solar farm at its Irvine, Scotland manufacturing site.

sustainability_report p.19

In 2023, the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) approved GSK's net zero target for 2045 in line with its Corporate Net-Zero Standard, committing to 90% absolute emissions reduction across all scopes from a 2020 baseline with residual emissions neutralised.

sustainability_report p.19

Goods and services purchased for medicines and vaccines manufacturing account for approximately 31% of GSK's total carbon footprint. GSK's Sustainable Procurement Programme requires suppliers to act on climate and nature, with contract clauses on carbon reduction introduced for its top 30 suppliers by climate/nature impact; in 2023, 23% of these top 30 suppliers submitted science-based targets for validation (8 approved), and 10 suppliers joined the industry Activate programme to reduce emissions from active pharmaceutical ingredient production. Supply chain emissions fell 2% in 2023.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK targets zero operational waste (including eliminating single-use plastics) by 2030 and a 25% environmental impact reduction for products and packaging by 2030, using an internally developed product carbon footprinting tool built on life cycle assessment (LCA). In 2023, operational waste fell 1% versus 2022 (21% cumulative since 2020), with 53% of materials recovered via circular routes, up from 39% in 2021.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK reduced Scope 1 and 2 market-based carbon emissions by 10% in 2023 versus 2022 (27% versus the 2020 baseline), driven primarily by energy efficiency measures and increased use of renewable electricity. For example, GSK's Nashik site in India cut emissions by 93% since 2020 by switching to renewable biomass for heat and renewable electricity.

sustainability_report p.19

Methodology changed in 2023 to only include waste and materials leaving GSK sites, and 2021/2022 waste data was restated to reflect this narrower boundary.

sustainability_report p.25

In May 2023, GSK was selected to participate in the initial target validation process with the Science Based Targets Network (SBTN) to set validated science-based targets for nature, starting with freshwater and land, followed by oceans and biodiversity.

sustainability_report p.20

GSK's prior biodiversity target (number of high-risk materials implementing sustainable sourcing roadmaps) was achieved in 2022 and retired. The new target focuses on deforestation-free sourcing of paper and palm oil.

sustainability_report p.5

GSK updated its biodiversity target, which previously measured the number of high-risk materials implementing sustainable sourcing roadmaps, having achieved this target in 2022. The new target focuses on deforestation-free sourcing of paper and palm oil.

sustainability_report p.5

Patient use of GSK's Ventolin rescue metered-dose inhaler, due to its current propellant, accounts for just under half (48%) of GSK's carbon footprint, with use of sold products overall making up 57%. GSK is investing in a low-carbon programme to transition to a next-generation, lower-carbon propellant with potential to reduce the inhaler's greenhouse gas emissions by 90%; phase III trials begin in 2024 with regulatory submissions targeted for 2025.

sustainability_report p.19

As an EV100 member, GSK is committed to transitioning 100% of its fleet to electric or hybrid vehicles and installing chargers at 100 sites by 2030. In 2023, plug-in-hybrid or fully electric vehicles made up 6% of the sales fleet and 16% of the total fleet, with charging points installed at 30 major sites (nearly 500 charging points total).

sustainability_report p.19

GSK set a new longer-term target to reduce carbon emissions by at least 90% by 2045 across all scopes, with the remainder tackled through high-quality offsets, aligned to the SBTi Net-Zero Standard definition of net zero. Submitted for SBTi verification in 2022.

sustainability_report p.17

Following the Haleon demerger, GSK is seeking re-accreditation from the SBTi for its carbon targets as a fully-focused biopharma company, reflecting the changed organisational boundary.

sustainability_report p.16

GSK achieved its target of reducing overall water use in operations by 20% by 2030 against a 2020 baseline eight years early (23% reduction achieved by 2022), and will now review and likely tighten the target.

sustainability_report p.18

Deloitte was unable to obtain sufficient evidence to support a conclusion on GSK's waste metrics due to data complexity; GSK undertook third-party remediation support and requested Deloitte remove waste metrics from the assurance engagement scope for 2022.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK received CDP scores of A- in Climate Change, B in Water Security, A- in Forests (palm oil) and B in Forests (timber) for 2022, reflecting mixed but generally strong disclosure performance across environmental themes.

sustainability_report p.2

GSK became a member of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), which is developing a risk management and financial disclosure framework similar to the TCFD.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK is one of the first companies to trial the SBTN methodology to better understand its impacts and dependencies on nature, and completed a full assessment of biodiversity impact across the value chain in 2022.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK joined the Race to Resilience campaign in 2022, pledging to help 15 million people become more resilient to the health impacts of climate change by 2030, becoming the first biopharma company to join.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK launched a Sustainable Procurement Programme in September 2022 requiring suppliers to act on carbon, power, heat, transport, water, waste and deforestation-free sourcing; from 2023 suppliers must disclose emissions and set 1.5C-aligned carbon reduction targets, extending climate accountability into the supply chain.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK completed its first global living wage review in partnership with the Fair Wage Foundation, assessing pay for over 75,000 employees across 87 countries; adjustments identified in fewer than 200 cases across 11 countries to be completed by Q1 2023, with an annual review now built into standard cycle.

sustainability_report p.27

GSK published its first UK ethnicity pay gap report for 2022, applying the same methodology as its gender pay gap report, disclosing a mean ethnicity pay gap of 0.06% for permanent UK-based employees.

sustainability_report p.24

The percentage of women on GSK's Board fell sharply from 42% in 2021 to 27% in 2022, a notable reversal versus prior year trend and versus the workforce/management gender diversity metrics which continued to improve.

sustainability_report p.25

GSK introduced a new ESG Performance Rating in 2022 as one of its corporate KPIs, aggregating performance across 23 metrics spanning its six ESG focus areas into a single score (assessed 'on track', with 83% of metrics met or exceeded), externally assured for the first time.

sustainability_report p.4

GSK is one of the first companies to trial the Science Based Targets Network for Nature (SBTN) methodology and is a member of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), developing a nature risk and financial disclosure framework similar to the TCFD.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK received CDP scores of A- in Climate Change, B in Water Security, A- in Forests (palm oil) and B in Forests (timber) for 2022, alongside other external ESG ratings including MSCI AA and Sustainalytics low risk rating.

sustainability_report p.2

In 2022, GSK joined the Race to Resilience campaign, pledging to help 15 million people become more resilient to the health impacts of climate change by 2030, becoming the first biopharma company to join, supported through partnerships with Save the Children and Microsoft.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK achieved its target of reducing overall water use in operations by 20% by 2030 against a 2020 baseline already in 2022 (actual reduction of 23%), and will now review the target upward.

sustainability_report p.18

Following the demerger of the Consumer Healthcare business, GSK is restating its value chain carbon footprint for baseline year 2020 to reflect the new fully-focused biopharma company boundary, affecting comparability of Scope 1/2/3 targets.

sustainability_report p.17

In 2022, GSK updated the methodology for reporting people with access to a generic dolutegravir product through voluntary licensing agreements to include sales of all generic dolutegravir-based products, broadening the coverage of the metric.

sustainability_report p.13

GSK achieved its 2030 target of reducing overall water use in operations by 20% against a 2020 baseline (actual reduction of 23% by 2022), and stated it will now review and likely tighten this target.

sustainability_report p.18

During the 2022 assurance engagement, Deloitte was unable to obtain sufficient evidence to support a conclusion on GSK's waste metrics due to data complexity issues. GSK undertook remediation with third-party support and requested Deloitte remove waste metrics from the assurance scope, reducing assurance coverage of waste and materials data for 2022.

sustainability_report p.53

2022 data for people reached through the Bill & Melinda Gates CEO Roundtable programme and ViiV Healthcare's Positive Action 2020-2030 Strategy grants were restated due to more data subsequently becoming available.

sustainability_report p.14

In September 2022, GSK launched a Sustainable Procurement Programme requiring suppliers to act on carbon, power, heat, transport, water, waste and deforestation-free sourcing. From 2023, suppliers will be required to disclose emissions and set 1.5°C-aligned carbon reduction targets, expanding the granularity and rigour of Scope 3 supply chain emissions data.

sustainability_report p.17

Following the demerger of GSK's Consumer Healthcare business to form Haleon in July 2022, GSK is now a fully-focused biopharma company. 2019-2021 comparative results were restated to reflect the demerger, affecting comparability of financial, workforce and other metrics across periods.

sustainability_report p.41

GSK achieved its overall water reduction target (20% reduction in operational water use) in 2022, ahead of the original 2030 deadline, and continued to reduce water use by a further 1% in 2023 (24% cumulative reduction vs 2020 baseline).

sustainability_report p.19

Following the demerger of GSK's Consumer Healthcare business to form Haleon in July 2022, GSK is now a fully-focused biopharma company. All data reported excludes the previous Consumer Healthcare business unless otherwise specified, affecting comparability of 2019-2021 restated figures versus 2022.

sustainability_report p.2

GSK's climate plan targets 80% carbon reduction across all scopes by 2030 (2020 baseline), with the remaining 20% addressed through investment in high-quality, technically robust, accredited nature-based offsetting/removal projects; by 2045 at least 90% reduction with the remainder tackled through high-quality offsets. GSK invested in a Ghana community reforestation project (Forestry Stewardship Council principles, Verified Carbon Standard credits, retired in 2022 for a UK inhaler carbon-neutrality claim) and an Indonesia mangrove restoration project targeting 120,000-240,000 tonnes of removal credits annually from 2028-2035, covering ~8% of forecasted 2030 residual emissions. GSK is part of the LEAF Coalition and is testing Voluntary Carbon Market Integrity Initiative guidance.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK reduced Scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions by 6% in 2022 versus 2021 through increased renewable electricity use and site-level energy efficiency measures including new solar panels, upgraded lighting, and chiller replacements to reduce ozone-depleting refrigerant losses.

sustainability_report p.16

GSK is a member of EV100, committed to installing charging infrastructure at 100 sites and transitioning its sales fleet to low-carbon vehicles by 2030. As of October 2022, hybrid or fully electric vehicles made up 4% of the fleet, with chargers installed at 30 sites, increasing from 309 chargers in 2021 to 435 in 2022.

sustainability_report p.17

Use of sold products, dominated by propellant from metered-dose inhalers, makes up more than 50% of GSK's total value chain climate impact. GSK is investing in an R&D programme to reformulate Ventolin, which could reduce the climate impact of inhalers by up to 90% if clinical trials succeed; industrialisation of green Ventolin was initiated in 2022.

sustainability_report p.17

Approximately 29% of GSK's total emissions footprint comes from purchased goods and services. GSK launched a Sustainable Procurement Programme in September 2022 requiring suppliers to disclose emissions and set 1.5C-aligned targets from 2023, and participates in industry collaborations including Manufacture 2030 (suppliers covering ~75% of purchased-goods emissions), the Activate programme (green funding access for API suppliers), and the Energize programme (supplier renewable energy purchasing, with a first cohort of nine suppliers committing to buy two terawatt-hours of renewable electricity).

sustainability_report p.17

GSK introduced a new Sustainable Sourcing Standard outlining environmental, social and ethical requirements to be met by 2030 for supply chains to be considered sustainably sourced, initially addressing the 12 most critical agricultural, forestry and marine-derived materials; reached 90% sustainably sourced paper and palm oil in 2022 with roadmaps for 100% by 2025.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK states it will not have an accurate picture of full 2022 Scope 3 emissions until later in the year, meaning most Scope 3 category data for 2022 is not disclosed in this report (only propellant-based inhaler use-phase emissions are given), reducing near-term transparency on value chain emissions trends.

sustainability_report p.20

As an EV100 member, GSK has committed to install EV charging infrastructure at 100 sites and transition its sales fleet to low-carbon vehicles by 2030. As of October 2022, hybrid or fully electric vehicles made up 4% of the fleet, with chargers installed at 30 sites, growing from 309 chargers in 2021 to 435 in 2022.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK is a member of RE100 and has committed to source 100% renewable electricity by 2025 (Scope 2). Renewable electricity purchases plus on-site renewable generation grew from 46% of electricity in 2020 to 73% in 2022, driven by increased renewable power procurement, on-site solar panel installations, and site-level projects such as a closed-loop heating and biogas system at Irvine, Scotland targeting 55% of site energy from on-site renewables and biogas by end-2023.

sustainability_report p.17

Approximately 29% of GSK's emissions footprint comes from purchased goods and services. Through its new Sustainable Procurement Programme (launched September 2022), participation in Manufacture 2030 (covering ~75% of purchased-goods emissions) and the Energize renewable-energy buyers' cohort, GSK is requiring and supporting suppliers to measure, disclose and reduce emissions, switch to renewable power/heat, and set 1.5°C-aligned targets from 2023.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK prioritises maximising direct emissions reductions and only offsets residual emissions it cannot abate, prioritising credits from high-quality, accredited, nature-based projects. It has invested in a Ghana community reforestation project (Verified Carbon Standard credits retired in 2022 to support a UK inhaler carbon-neutrality claim) and an Indonesia mangrove restoration project targeting 2,500 hectares, expected to deliver 120,000-240,000 tonnes of removal credits annually from 2028-2035, covering approximately 8% of forecasted 2030 residual emissions. GSK is part of the LEAF Coalition and tests guidance from the Voluntary Carbon Market Integrity Initiative to ensure credit quality.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK's new Sustainable Sourcing Standard sets 2030 requirements for its 12 most critical agricultural, forestry and marine-derived materials to be sustainably sourced and deforestation-free, reaching 90% sustainably sourced paper and palm oil in 2022 with roadmaps for 100% by 2025.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK achieved its overall target to reduce operational water use by 20% (against a 2020 baseline) in 2022, ahead of the 2030 deadline, and continued to reduce water use by an additional 1% in 2023 (24% cumulative reduction vs 2020 baseline). Existing targets include achieving good water stewardship at 100% of sites by 2025 and water neutrality in water-stressed regions by 2030.

sustainability_report p.20

Following the demerger of GSK's Consumer Healthcare business to form Haleon in July 2022, GSK is now a fully-focused biopharma company. All data reported in the 2022 ESG Performance Report excludes the previous Consumer Healthcare business unless otherwise specified, affecting comparability with 2019-2021 data across financial, climate, social and other metrics.

sustainability_report p.2

To comply with the SBTi Net-Zero Standard published in 2021, GSK set a longer-term target to reduce carbon emissions by at least 90% by 2045 (with remainder tackled through high-quality offsets) across the full value chain. This was previously stated as net zero by 2030; the 2030 target itself (80% reduction/20% offset) remains unchanged, but the definitive 'net zero' claim now applies to 2045. GSK is also seeking SBTi re-accreditation for its 2030 target as a fully-focused biopharma company.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK achieved its target of reducing overall water use in operations by 20% by 2030 (against a 2020 baseline) already in 2022, a 23% reduction achieved, and will now review the target for potential tightening.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK is a member of TNFD, which is developing a risk management and financial disclosure framework for nature similar to TCFD; GSK plans to disclose nature-related impacts and dependencies in line with the emerging framework.

sustainability_report p.18

GSK published its first UK ethnicity pay gap report for 2022, using the same approach as its gender pay gap reporting, reporting a mean ethnicity pay gap of 0.06% for all permanent UK-based employees, increasing transparency though no national average comparator yet exists.

sustainability_report p.24

GSK is a member of RE100 and has committed to source 100% renewable electricity by 2025 (Scope 2). Progress has been rapid: renewable electricity as a share of total electricity rose from 4% in 2019 to 46% in 2020, 63% in 2021, and 73% in 2022. This is achieved through purchased renewable electricity (697 GWh in 2022, up from 23 GWh in 2019), on-site renewable generation including new solar panel installations, and energy efficiency measures such as upgraded lighting and chiller replacements. At the Irvine, Scotland site, a closed-loop heating system plus on-site renewables and biogas are targeted to provide 55% of energy by end of 2023.

sustainability_report p.17

Use of GSK's medicines by patients—predominantly propellant from metered-dose inhalers for asthma/COPD—makes up over 50% of GSK's total climate impact (Scope 3 Category 11). GSK is investing in an R&D programme to reformulate Ventolin, which could reduce the climate impact of metered dose inhalers by up to 90% if clinical trials succeed; industrialisation has been initiated with regulatory submission data in progress.

sustainability_report p.17

Approximately 29% of GSK's total emissions footprint comes from purchased goods and services (Scope 3 Cat 1). GSK launched a Sustainable Procurement Programme in September 2022 requiring suppliers to act on carbon, power, heat, transport, water and waste, with mandatory emissions disclosure and 1.5°C-aligned targets from 2023. GSK also participates in the Manufacture 2030 initiative (covering ~75% of purchased-goods emissions), co-developed the Activate programme for API suppliers to access green funding, and the Energize programme through which nine suppliers formed a buyer's cohort to purchase two terawatt-hours of renewable electricity in 2022.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK is one of the first companies to trial the SBTN methodology to better understand its impacts and dependencies on nature, supporting its 2030 net-positive-on-nature goal.

sustainability_report p.18

In 2022 GSK joined the Race to Resilience campaign with a pledge to help 15 million people become more resilient to the health impacts of climate change by 2030, becoming the first biopharma company to join. Supported through partnerships with Save the Children, Microsoft, the Water Resilience Coalition, and the Alliance for Clean Air.

sustainability_report p.19

In 2022 GSK completed its first global living wage review in partnership with the Fair Wage Foundation, assessing pay of over 75,000 employees in 87 countries; differences were detected in fewer than 200 cases across 11 countries, with adjustments to be made by Q1 2023 and an annual living wage review built into the standard cycle going forward.

sustainability_report p.27

In 2022, GSK updated the methodology for reporting people with access to a generic dolutegravir product to include sales of all generic dolutegravir-based products rather than only TLD formulations previously used. The 2022 total (20,927,000) is lower than the figure reported in the 2021 report (21,296,000), which was found to be overestimated due to stock building during the pandemic.

sustainability_report p.12

GSK is preparing to become two new companies (New GSK and a separated Consumer Healthcare business). Consumer Healthcare announced new environmental targets for the new business at the capital markets day in February 2022, published separately on GSK's website. This affects comparability of future ESG reporting boundaries.

sustainability_report p.14

In 2022, the Remuneration Committee introduced ESG performance measures into short- and long-term incentive plans: DEI aspirations form 10% of annual bonus for the GSK Leadership Team, and climate/nature ambitions form 10% of the long-term incentive plan for senior leaders, aligned to the ESG Performance Rating.

sustainability_report p.4

Following SBTi's 2021 Net-Zero Standard, GSK clarified its 2030 target (80% reduction, 20% offset) does not itself constitute 'net zero' under the stricter new definition. GSK added a new target to reduce emissions by at least 90% by 2045, with the remainder addressed via high-quality offsets, and submitted this for SBTi verification. Footnoted as 'previously stated as net zero by 2030'.

sustainability_report p.17

In September 2022, GSK launched a Sustainable Procurement Programme requiring suppliers to act on carbon, power, heat, transport, water, waste and deforestation-free sourcing. From 2023, suppliers must disclose emissions, set 1.5°C-aligned carbon reduction targets, and switch to renewable power and heat, improving the granularity and reliability of GSK's supply-chain (scope 3) emissions data.

sustainability_report p.17

Deloitte was originally engaged to provide limited assurance over GSK's waste metrics, but during the engagement was unable to obtain sufficient evidence to support a conclusion due to the complexity of the waste data. GSK undertook third-party remediation and requested Deloitte remove waste metrics from the assurance scope for 2022.

sustainability_report p.22

GSK published its first UK ethnicity pay gap report in 2022, using the same methodology as its long-running gender pay gap report, reporting an ethnicity pay gap of 0.06% (mean) for all permanent UK-based employees, with no national average comparator currently available.

sustainability_report p.24

GSK received CDP ratings of A- in Climate Change, B in Water Security, A- in Forests (palm oil) and B in Forests (timber) for 2022, alongside other ESG ratings including FTSE4Good membership since 2004, MSCI AA, and Sustainalytics low risk.

sustainability_report p.2

GSK's carbon strategy targets 80% real emissions reductions across all scopes by 2030, with only the remaining ~20% addressed through investment in high-quality, accredited nature-based offset and removal projects; by 2045 at least 90% reduction is targeted, with the balance via high-quality offsets. GSK has invested in a Ghana community reforestation project (Forestry Stewardship Council principles, Verified Carbon Standard credits) and retired credits in 2022 to support a carbon-neutrality claim for a UK inhaler product. A separate Indonesia mangrove restoration project (2,500 hectares) is expected to generate 120,000-240,000 tonnes of removal credits annually from 2028-2035, covering ~8% of GSK's forecast 2030 residual emissions. GSK is part of the LEAF Coalition and is testing Voluntary Carbon Market Integrity Initiative (VCMI) guidance to ensure credit quality.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK is one of the first companies to trial the SBTN methodology to better understand its impacts and dependencies on nature, and is a member of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), developing risk management and financial disclosure frameworks similar to TCFD.

sustainability_report p.18

Use of GSK's medicines and vaccines by patients—predominantly propellant from metered-dose inhalers for asthma and COPD—makes up over 50% of GSK's total value chain climate impact (5.4 million tCO2e in 2022). GSK is investing in an R&D programme to reformulate Ventolin with a lower-GWP propellant, which could reduce the climate impact of its inhalers by up to 90% if clinical trials succeed; industrialisation was initiated in 2022.

sustainability_report p.17

In 2022, GSK updated the methodology for reporting people with access to a generic dolutegravir product to include sales of all generic dolutegravir-based products, rather than only TLD formulations previously used. The revised 2022 total (20,927,000) is lower than the figure previously reported for 2021 (21,296,000), which had been overestimated due to pandemic-related stock building.

sustainability_report p.12

Approximately 29% of GSK's total emissions footprint comes from purchased goods and services. GSK launched a Sustainable Procurement Programme in September 2022 requiring suppliers to act on carbon, power, heat, transport, water and waste, with mandatory emissions disclosure and 1.5°C-aligned targets from 2023. GSK also participates in the Manufacture 2030 initiative (suppliers covering ~75% of purchased-goods emissions), co-developed the Activate programme for API suppliers, and formed the first Energize buyer's cohort (nine suppliers) to jointly purchase two terawatt-hours of renewable electricity for the pharma supply chain.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK is a member of RE100 and has committed to source 100% renewable electricity by 2025 (Scope 2). Renewable electricity share rose to 73% in 2022, up from 63% in 2021 and 46% in 2020, driven by increased purchased renewable electricity, on-site solar installations, upgraded lighting, and chiller replacements to cut ozone-depleting refrigerant use. At the Irvine, Scotland site, a closed-loop heating system plus on-site renewables and biogas were expected to supply 55% of site energy by end of 2023.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK's 2030 target is 80% carbon reduction with the remaining 20% offset through investment in high-quality, technically robust, accredited nature-based solutions delivering nature, social and health co-benefits; by 2045 at least 90% reduction with the remainder tackled through high-quality offsets. GSK has invested in a Ghana community reforestation project (Forestry Stewardship Council principles, Verified Carbon Standard credits) and retired credits in 2022 to support a UK inhaler product's carbon-neutrality claim. A separate Indonesia mangrove restoration project targets 120,000-240,000 tonnes of removal credits annually from 2028-2035, covering ~8% of forecast 2030 residual emissions. GSK explicitly distinguishes offsetting (used to date) from durable removal credits (expected from 2028) and participates in the LEAF Coalition and Voluntary Carbon Market Integrity Initiative to ensure supply quality.

sustainability_report p.19

GSK is a member of RE100 and has committed to source 100% renewable electricity by 2025. Purchased renewable electricity grew from 23 GWh in 2019 to 697 GWh in 2022, supplemented by on-site renewable generation (e.g. solar panels) reaching 18 GWh in 2022. As a result, renewable electricity as a share of total electricity use rose from 4% (2019) to 46% (2020), 63% (2021) and 73% (2022). Energy efficiency measures (upgraded lighting, low-GWP chillers, closed-loop heating at sites like Irvine, Scotland) complement the renewable procurement strategy.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK reduced Scope 1 and 2 market-based carbon emissions by 6% in 2022 versus 2021, primarily through increased renewable electricity procurement, energy efficiency upgrades (solar panels, upgraded lighting, chiller replacement to cut ozone-depleting refrigerant use), and site-level initiatives such as closed-loop heating at its Irvine facility.

sustainability_report p.17

In 2020 GSK changed the scope of its waste targets to support transition to a circular economy. New targets include zero operational waste (including eliminating single-use plastics) by 2030, 25% environmental impact reduction for products and packaging by 2030, and 10% waste reduction from the supply chain by 2030.

sustainability_report p.15

The Science Based Targets Initiative accredited GSK's carbon targets as aligned to a 1.5C pathway: net zero across operations (scope 1&2) by 2030, 100% renewable electricity by 2025, and net zero across the full value chain (scope 3) by 2030.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK set a target to be net positive on nature by 2030, reducing environmental impacts across water, materials and biodiversity. GSK is partnering with UNEP-WCMC to test the Science Based Targets for Nature (SBTN) methodology and is a member of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD).

sustainability_report p.14

GSK set targets to achieve good water stewardship at 100% of sites by 2025, reduce overall water use in operations by 20% by 2030, be water neutral in own operations and at key suppliers in water-stressed regions by 2030, and achieve zero-impact API discharge levels by 2030. Joined the Water Resilience Coalition in 2021.

sustainability_report p.15

GSK set a target to be net positive on nature by 2030 by reducing environmental impacts across water, materials and biodiversity. GSK is partnering with UNEP-WCMC to test the Science Based Targets for Nature (SBTN) methodology and is a member of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD).

sustainability_report p.14

GSK's 13 Trust commitments contribute to many UN Sustainable Development Goals, with particular emphasis on Goal 3 (ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all). Detailed SDG factsheet published separately on gsk.com.

sustainability_report p.1

Following SBTi's 2021 publication of a new carbon Net-Zero Standard, GSK's 2030 target (previously stated as 'net zero by 2030') was reframed to explicitly state 80% carbon reductions across all scopes against a 2020 baseline plus 20% offset investment, improving definitional rigor and comparability.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK partnered with Manufacture 2030 to proactively engage suppliers and measure/manage supply chain emissions reductions, and joined nine other global pharmaceutical companies to launch the Energize programme, using industry-scale power purchase agreements to expand renewable electricity access across pharmaceutical supply chains. Supplier Environmental Sustainability Awards recognise supplier progress.

sustainability_report p.14

Metered dose inhalers for asthma and COPD account for about 40% of GSK's carbon footprint because their propellant is a potent greenhouse gas (Scope 3 use-of-sold-products, ~5.3 million tCO2e in 2021). In 2021 GSK started an R&D programme to find a lower-impact propellant that could reduce emissions from its inhalers by about 90%.

sustainability_report p.14

In 2021, GSK changed the way it reports disciplinary data, expanding scope to include cases initiated in previous years but closed in 2021. Prior year data was restated using the new methodology for comparability, resulting in increases in some categories.

sustainability_report p.12

The Carbon Trust certified Trelegy Ellipta in the UK as GSK's first carbon neutral medicine, achieved via a product-specific carbon reduction plan and offsetting remaining emissions through a reforestation project in Ghana.

sustainability_report p.16

In 2021 GSK changed how it reports disciplinary data, expanding scope to include all employees disciplined for policy violations in the reporting year where cases are closed (including accusations raised in prior years but resolved in 2021). Prior-year data was restated on this new methodology, increasing reported disciplinary figures.

sustainability_report p.12

GSK ranked 1st in the pharmaceutical industry group in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) for 2021, achieved S&P Global Sustainability Award Gold Class 2022, and received CDP ratings of A- in Climate Change, B in Water, B in Forests, and Supplier Engagement Leader status.

sustainability_report p.1

GSK published its fifth annual UK gender pay gap report in 2021, reporting a mean gender pay gap of 1.18% for all permanent UK-based employees, outperforming the national average of 14.9%. From 2023, GSK will also publish an ethnicity pay gap for the UK.

sustainability_report p.7

GSK is preparing to become two new companies (New GSK and a separately listed Consumer Healthcare business). Environmental and other targets apply principally to New GSK's business and portfolio, while Consumer Healthcare contributes via its own targets and announced new targets for the new business at the February 2022 capital markets day. This affects future comparability of reported metrics.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK's 13 Trust commitments contribute to many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 3: to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all, at all ages. Further detail is published in GSK's SDG factsheet on gsk.com.

sustainability_report p.1

The Carbon Trust certified Trelegy Ellipta in the UK as GSK's first carbon neutral medicine, achieved through a product-specific carbon reduction plan combined with offsetting via a reforestation project in Ghana.

sustainability_report p.16

GSK's targets include zero operational waste (including eliminating single-use plastics) by 2030, 25% environmental impact reduction for products and packaging by 2030, and 10% waste reduction from supply chain by 2030. Consumer Healthcare launched 40 million recycle-ready toothpaste tubes in 2021, part of an ambition to make over one billion tubes recyclable by 2025.

sustainability_report p.15

GSK's target is to be net positive on nature by 2030, reducing environmental impacts across water, materials and biodiversity and investing in protecting/restoring nature. GSK is working with the Science Based Targets for Nature (SBTN) initiative and is a member of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD).

sustainability_report p.14

GSK's water targets: achieve good water stewardship at 100% of sites by 2025; reduce overall water use in operations by 20% by 2030; be water neutral in own operations and at key suppliers in water stressed regions by 2030. GSK joined the Water Resilience Coalition in 2021 to help deliver water neutrality.

sustainability_report p.15

GSK is a member of EV100 and committed to transition its sales fleet to low-carbon vehicles and install charging infrastructure at 100 sites by 2030. In 2021, 4% of the sales fleet were electric or hybrid vehicles, with chargers at 30 sites.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK is a member of RE100 and committed to source 100% renewable electricity by 2025. In 2021 GSK reached 67% renewable electricity, up from 52% in 2020.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK received a CDP rating of A- in Climate Change, B in Water, and B in Forests (palm oil and timber), and was recognised as a Supplier Engagement Leader, in the 2021 CDP disclosure cycle.

sustainability_report p.3

GSK is exploring nature-based solutions to offset the impacts it cannot eliminate, aiming to offset around 20% of its 2020 footprint using 'responsible and high-quality carbon removal solutions' as part of its net zero definition. Its first carbon-neutral medicine, Trelegy Ellipta, was certified by the Carbon Trust via a reforestation project in Ghana. GSK also joined the LEAF coalition (Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest Finance), which has mobilised over $1 billion to protect tropical forests from deforestation, with GSK due to agree its first supported projects in 2022.

sustainability_report p.16

Purchased goods and services from suppliers make up the largest share of GSK's scope 3 footprint (39%). GSK partnered with Manufacture 2030 to engage suppliers on measuring and managing emissions reductions, and co-launched the Energize programme with nine other pharmaceutical companies to extend renewable electricity PPAs across the shared pharmaceutical supply chain.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK's definition of Total waste generated has been updated in 2021, now including waste recovered or disposed on-site, enabling reporting on circularity. This changes comparability with prior years' waste generated figures.

sustainability_report p.18

Propellant emissions from metered-dose inhalers for asthma and COPD account for roughly 40-46% of GSK's total value-chain carbon footprint because the propellant itself is a potent greenhouse gas. In 2021 GSK launched an R&D programme to find a lower-impact propellant that could reduce emissions from its inhalers by about 90%.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK reduced Scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions by 15% in 2021 versus 2020, primarily through increased use of renewable electricity, alongside EV100 membership committing to transition its sales fleet to low-carbon vehicles and install charging infrastructure at 100 sites by 2030 (4% of sales fleet electric/hybrid in 2021, chargers at 30 sites).

sustainability_report p.14

GSK's goal is to have net zero impact on climate across its full value chain by 2030, with the Science Based Targets Initiative accrediting that carbon targets align to a 1.5C pathway. Targets include net zero emissions across operations (Scope 1&2) by 2030, 100% renewable electricity by 2025 (Scope 2), and net zero across the full value chain (Scope 3) by 2030.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK invested £50 million in UK and US manufacturing sites to secure renewable power generation, including new wind turbines and a 20-year PPA to supply solar electricity to its Irvine facility in Scotland and solar energy for its Oak Hill facility in New York, reducing Scope 1&2 emissions from its own operations by 15% in 2021 versus 2020.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK is a member of RE100 and is committed to sourcing 100% renewable electricity by 2025, reaching 67% in 2021 (up from 52% in 2020). Sites in 15 countries, including the UK, Belgium and Spain, now source 100% renewable electricity. In September 2021 GSK announced a £50 million investment in UK and US manufacturing sites to secure renewable power generation, including new wind turbines and a 20-year power purchase agreement for solar electricity at its Irvine facility in Scotland and solar energy for its Oak Hill facility in New York. GSK also co-launched the Energize programme with nine other pharma companies to use PPAs to bring renewable electricity to the shared pharmaceutical supply chain.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK is preparing to become two new companies (new GSK biopharma business and a separately listed Consumer Healthcare business, later Haleon). Environment targets apply principally to new GSK; Consumer Healthcare announced its own new targets for the separated business at the February 2022 capital markets day. This restructuring will materially change future reporting boundaries and comparability.

sustainability_report p.7

GSK scored A- in CDP Climate Change, B in CDP Water, B in CDP Forests (palm oil and timber), and was recognised as a CDP Supplier Engagement Leader in 2021.

sustainability_report p.1

Metered-dose inhalers for asthma and COPD account for around 40% of GSK's carbon footprint (46% of scope 3) because their propellant is a potent greenhouse gas. In 2021 GSK started an R&D programme to find a lower-impact propellant that could reduce emissions from inhalers by about 90%, representing the single largest decarbonisation lever in GSK's value chain.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK's climate targets - net zero across all operations by 2030 (scope 1&2), 100% renewable electricity by 2025 (scope 2), and net zero across the full value chain by 2030 (scope 3) - have been accredited by the Science Based Targets Initiative as aligned to a 1.5°C pathway.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK set a target to be net positive on nature by 2030 by reducing environmental impacts across water, materials and biodiversity. GSK is partnering with UNEP-WCMC to test the Science Based Targets for Nature (SBTN) methodology and is a member of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD).

sustainability_report p.14

GSK set targets to achieve good water stewardship at 100% of sites by 2025, reduce overall water use by 20% by 2030, be water neutral in own operations and at key suppliers in water-stressed regions by 2030, and achieve zero-impact API discharge levels by 2030. GSK joined the Water Resilience Coalition in 2021.

sustainability_report p.15

GSK targets zero operational waste (including eliminating single-use plastics) by 2030, a 25% environmental impact reduction for products/packaging by 2030, and a 10% waste reduction from the supply chain by 2030. Consumer Healthcare launched 40 million recycle-ready toothpaste tubes in 2021 toward an ambition of over one billion recyclable tubes by 2025.

sustainability_report p.15

In 2021, GSK updated its definition of 'Total waste generated' to include waste recovered or disposed of on-site, enabling more comprehensive reporting on circularity (% circular waste). Historical waste generated data up to 2020 only reflected waste leaving GSK boundaries.

sustainability_report p.18

Historical carbon emissions for sales force travel were calculated based on distance travelled rather than directly on fuel use. In 2021, sales force emissions were instead based on fuel emissions, distance and vehicle data provided directly by fleet providers, improving accuracy.

sustainability_report p.31

GSK is exploring nature-based solutions to offset impacts it cannot eliminate, aiming to offset around 20% of its 2020 footprint using responsible, high-quality carbon removal solutions as part of its net-zero pathway. This includes supporting a reforestation project in Ghana to offset residual emissions from Trelegy Ellipta (its first carbon neutral medicine, certified by the Carbon Trust), and joining the public-private LEAF coalition (Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest Finance), which has mobilised over $1 billion to protect tropical forests from deforestation; GSK will agree its first LEAF-supported projects in 2022.

sustainability_report p.16

Other than propellant emissions data (collected through internal systems), GSK states it will not have an accurate picture of full Scope 3 GHG emissions until later in the year, meaning most 2021 Scope 3 category data is not disclosed in this report.

sustainability_report p.17

The Carbon Trust certified Trelegy Ellipta in the UK as GSK's first carbon neutral medicine, achieved via a product-specific carbon reduction plan combined with offsetting remaining emissions through a reforestation project in Ghana.

sustainability_report p.16

GSK received a CDP score of A- in Climate Change, B in Water and B in Forests (palm oil and timber), and was recognised as a CDP Supplier Engagement Leader in 2021.

sustainability_report p.1

GSK reports that its 13 Trust commitments contribute to many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 3: to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all, at all ages.

sustainability_report p.1

GSK published its fifth annual UK gender pay gap report in 2021 (1.18% mean, versus 14.9% national average) and has aspirational targets for 45% of VP/SVP roles held by women and specific ethnic diversity leadership targets (30% in US, 18% in UK) by end of 2025.

sustainability_report p.7

GSK is a member of RE100 and committed to source 100% renewable electricity by 2025. In 2021 the company reached 67% renewable electricity, up from 52% in 2020, with sites in 15 countries (including the UK, Belgium and Spain) sourcing 100% renewable electricity. In September 2021 GSK announced a £50 million investment in UK and US manufacturing sites, including new wind turbines and a 20-year power purchase agreement to supply solar electricity to its Irvine facility in Scotland and solar energy for its Oak Hill facility in New York. GSK also launched the Energize programme with nine other pharmaceutical companies to use industry-wide PPAs to expand access to renewable electricity across shared supply chains.

sustainability_report p.14

Metered-dose inhalers for asthma and COPD account for around 40-46% of GSK's value chain carbon footprint because their propellant is a potent greenhouse gas. In 2021 GSK started an R&D programme to find a lower-impact propellant that could reduce emissions from inhalers by about 90%, targeting the dominant Scope 3 Category 11 (use of sold products) driver of its footprint.

sustainability_report p.14

Scope 3 emissions from suppliers make up around 39% of GSK's value chain footprint. GSK partnered with Manufacture 2030 to proactively engage suppliers and measure/manage supply chain emissions reductions, and co-launched the Energize programme with nine other global pharmaceutical companies to use the scale of the industry's shared supply chain to drive greater renewable electricity uptake via PPAs.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK is a member of RE100, committed to sourcing 100% renewable electricity by 2025. In 2021 the company reached 67% renewable electricity, up from 52% in 2020 (5% in 2018-19), through purchased renewable electricity certificates (REC/REGO), power purchase agreements, and on-site generation. A 20-year PPA supplies solar electricity to the Irvine facility in Scotland and Oak Hill facility in New York, backed by a £50 million investment announced in September 2021 including new wind turbines. Fifteen countries' sites, including the UK, Belgium and Spain, now source 100% renewable electricity. GSK also launched the Energize programme with nine other pharmaceutical companies to extend PPA-based renewable electricity access across the shared industry supply chain.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK updated its definition of 'Total waste generated' in 2021 to be the operational waste generated on sites (rather than waste leaving GSK boundaries as previously defined), which also enabled new circular-waste reporting (% recovered by circular route).

sustainability_report p.18

The Carbon Trust certified Trelegy Ellipta in the UK as GSK's first carbon-neutral medicine, achieved through a product-specific carbon reduction plan combined with offsetting remaining emissions via a reforestation project in Ghana.

sustainability_report p.16

GSK's climate targets - net zero emissions across all operations (Scope 1&2) by 2030, 100% renewable electricity by 2025, and net zero across the full value chain (Scope 3) by 2030 - have been accredited by the Science Based Targets Initiative as aligned to a 1.5C pathway.

sustainability_report p.14

In 2021, GSK updated the way it reports disciplinary data, expanding scope to include cases initiated in previous years and closed in 2021. Prior year data was restated using the new methodology, affecting comparability of ethical conduct metrics.

sustainability_report p.12

GSK is exploring nature-based solutions to offset emissions it cannot currently eliminate, aiming to offset around 20% of its 2020 footprint using responsible, high-quality carbon removal solutions. The Carbon Trust certified Trelegy Ellipta as GSK's first carbon-neutral medicine, achieved via a product-specific reduction plan plus offsetting through a reforestation project in Ghana. In 2021 GSK joined the LEAF (Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest Finance) coalition, a public-private effort that has mobilised over $1 billion to protect tropical forests from deforestation, with GSK due to agree its first supported projects in 2022.

sustainability_report p.16

GSK's carbon ambition was previously stated as net zero by 2030. Following publication of the SBTi Net-Zero Standard in 2021, GSK retained its 2030 target of 80% carbon reduction with 20% offsetting, but extended its full net-zero (at least 90% reduction) commitment out to 2045, submitting this longer-term target for SBTi Net-Zero Standard verification.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK set targets to achieve good water stewardship at 100% of sites by 2025, reduce overall water use 20% by 2030, and be water neutral in operations and at key suppliers in water-stressed regions by 2030. Joined the Water Resilience Coalition in 2021 to support delivery, identifying eight initial water basins in water-stressed regions.

sustainability_report p.15

GSK is a member of EV100, committed to transitioning its sales fleet to low-carbon vehicles and installing charging infrastructure at 100 sites by 2030. In 2021, 4% of the sales fleet were electric or hybrid vehicles, with chargers installed at 30 sites; a US pilot with the fleet management company deploys electric/hybrid plug-in vehicles with home chargers.

sustainability_report p.14

Purchased goods and services from suppliers make up the largest single scope 3 category (~39% of GSK's value chain footprint). GSK partnered with Manufacture 2030 to engage suppliers on measuring and managing emissions reductions, launched the industry-wide Energize renewable electricity programme, and runs annual Supplier Environmental Sustainability Awards to recognise supplier progress.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK's 13 Trust commitments contribute to many UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially Goal 3 (ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all). Full SDG contribution details are published in GSK's SDG factsheet on gsk.com.

sustainability_report p.1

GSK's net zero definition targets reducing scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions as much as practicable, then balancing remaining residual emissions through carbon removal credits, aiming to offset around 20% of its 2020 footprint using responsible, high-quality carbon removal solutions. GSK is exploring nature-based solutions such as reforestation (e.g. a Ghana reforestation project supporting the Trelegy Ellipta carbon-neutral medicine certification) and joined the LEAF (Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest Finance) coalition in 2021, which has mobilised over $1 billion to protect tropical forests from deforestation; GSK will agree its first supported projects in 2022.

sustainability_report p.30

GSK's value chain carbon footprint includes emissions from logistics (5% of the total), covering upstream and downstream transportation and distribution. GSK reclassified some transportation emissions from downstream to upstream categories on Carbon Trust advice and continues to track these emissions as part of its scope 3 value-chain reporting.

sustainability_report p.14

Historical carbon emissions for sales force vehicle travel were calculated based on distance travelled with an estimate added for offices lacking distance data. In 2021 GSK switched to basing sales force emissions on fuel-use, distance and vehicle data provided directly by fleet suppliers, improving accuracy (noted as an assurance observation with a recommendation to formally document methodology).

sustainability_report p.31

GSK is a member of RE100 and is committed to sourcing 100% renewable electricity by 2025, reaching 67% in 2021 (up from 52% in 2020), with sites in 15 countries including the UK, Belgium and Spain already at 100%. Renewable electricity is sourced via a mix of Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin (REGOs)/RECs, and on-site generation. In September 2021 GSK announced a £50 million investment in UK and US manufacturing sites including new wind turbines and a 20-year PPA for solar electricity at its Irvine (Scotland) and Oak Hill (New York) facilities. GSK also launched the industry-wide Energize programme with nine other pharmaceutical companies to use collective supply-chain scale to expand access to renewable electricity PPAs.

sustainability_report p.14

GSK's 13 Trust commitments contribute to many UN Sustainable Development Goals; as a science-led global healthcare company, GSK states its biggest contribution is towards SDG 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

sustainability_report p.2

GSK sources purchased renewable electricity from suppliers under agreements evidenced by Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), REGOs, or Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), supplemented by on-site generation such as solar. Purchased renewable electricity surged to 750 GWh in 2020 (from ~51 GWh in 2019) plus 28 GWh generated on-site, lifting renewable electricity to 52% of total electricity used, up from 5% in each of the prior three years. GSK also recognises hydroelectric local grid supply (e.g. Quebec) as market-based low-carbon electricity for Scope 2 reporting.

sustainability_report p.9

Following a 2020 review, the site in Xochimilco, Mexico was removed and the site in Jamshoro, Pakistan was added to GSK's list of high water risk sites; 2016 baseline data was restated to reflect this change.

sustainability_report p.12

GSK's Trust commitment on Environment states: 'Have a net zero impact on climate, and a net positive impact on nature by 2030.' Environmental targets use a 2016 baseline year.

sustainability_report p.3

2020 data for audits of third parties on quality processes was corrected from 1,839 to 1,451, as the original datapoint was mis-stated due to duplication of data from one part of the business; additional supplier audits were also identified that were not previously reported.

sustainability_report p.13

Other than propellant emissions data (collected via internal systems), GSK states it will not have an accurate picture of Scope 3 GHG emissions for 2020 until later in the year; most Scope 3 category rows for 2020 are shown as unavailable ('-') in this report.

sustainability_report p.8

GSK is a member of RE100 and has committed to source 100% renewable electricity by 2025 (Scope 2). Renewable electricity share rose from 46% in 2020 to 73% in 2022 as a result.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK defines purchased renewable electricity as electricity generated by a supplier and purchased under a supply agreement with evidence of origin such as RECs, REGOs, or as part of a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). In 2020, purchased renewable electricity increased sharply from 51 GWh to 750 GWh, alongside 28 GWh of on-site generated renewable electricity, taking renewable electricity to 52% of total electricity used (up from 5% in 2019). Certificates of Origin may be retired after the reporting period, and GSK's assurance provider recommended assigning clearer organisational ownership for tracking renewable purchases across all sites.

sustainability_report p.9

GSK significantly increased the proportion of renewable electricity purchased from 5% in 2019 to 52% in 2020 (purchased renewable electricity rose from 51 GWh to 750 GWh). DNV's assurance report recommended improving the process for tracking which sites purchase renewable electricity and assigning clearer ownership of the tracking/evidence process.

sustainability_report p.32

In 2020, GSK set out a carbon ambition to achieve a net zero impact on climate by 2030, targeting 80% carbon reductions across all scopes against a 2020 baseline, with the remaining 20% offset through investment in high-quality nature-based solutions. This target was subsequently accredited by SBTi as aligned with a 1.5°C pathway.

sustainability_report p.16

GSK restated scope 2 emissions from electricity for 2018, 2019 and 2020 based on updated International Energy Agency emission factors published in 2020, improving accuracy of historical comparisons.

sustainability_report p.31

Propellant emissions during the manufacture of inhalers are a major and growing component of GSK's Scope 1 footprint (256 thousand tCO2e in 2020, up from 217 thousand tCO2e in 2019). GSK maintains public policy positions on ozone depletion and metered-dose inhalers for asthma, reflecting an ongoing focus on managing propellant-related emissions from its respiratory portfolio.

sustainability_report p.9

Emissions from patient use of propellant-based inhalers are GSK's single largest disclosed Scope 3 emissions source, at 5,757 thousand tCO2e in 2020, calculated based on the number of inhalers leaving manufacturing sites and the amount of propellant per inhaler. This customer-use emissions category depends on patient adherence to prescribed devices and is addressed partly through GSK's ozone-depletion and inhaler propellant public policy commitments.

sustainability_report p.10

GSK models Scope 3 emissions across all 15 GHG Protocol categories using a hybrid model combining primary activity-based data and economic data, quality assured by the Carbon Trust. Purchased goods and services was historically GSK's largest Scope 3 category (9,407 thousand tonnes CO2e in 2017, falling to 6,410 in 2019), though 2020 figures were not available at time of publication.

sustainability_report p.13

GSK sources purchased renewable electricity under supply agreements with evidence of origin such as RECs, REGOs, or Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), alongside on-site generated renewable electricity. In 2020, purchased renewable electricity surged to 750 GWh (from 51 GWh in 2019) and on-site generation reached 28 GWh, lifting renewable electricity to 52% of total electricity used, up from just 5% in 2017-2019.

sustainability_report p.9

GSK tracks and has substantially reduced Scope 1 emissions from its sales force vehicle fleet, down from 154kt CO2e in 2017 to 75kt CO2e in 2020, reflecting fleet efficiency and reduced travel.

sustainability_report p.9

GSK has reduced on-site coal use from 69 GWh in 2017 to 20 GWh in 2020 and cut total energy consumption from 4,461 GWh to 3,884 GWh over the same period, reflecting efficiency investments and fuel switching across its manufacturing and R&D site network.

sustainability_report p.9

Emissions from patient use of GSK's propellant-based inhalers represent the single largest disclosed Scope 3 source, at 5,757 thousand tonnes CO2e in 2020 (assured by DNV), roughly matching the entire 'Use of sold products' category. GSK tracks this dependent, customer-use emissions source closely as a priority area given its scale relative to the company's own operational footprint.

sustainability_report p.8

Purchased goods and services was historically GSK's largest Scope 3 category, falling from 9,407kt CO2e in 2017 to 6,410kt CO2e in 2019 (2020 data not yet available at time of publication). GSK engages suppliers via EHS, ethics and labour rights audits (36 conducted in 2020) as part of its value-chain sustainability approach.

sustainability_report p.10

Fugitive propellant emissions during the manufacture of metered-dose inhalers are GSK's largest Scope 1 emissions source, at 256 thousand tCO2e in 2020 (~33% of Scope 1 emissions), and are tracked as a distinct category using internal systems rather than the hybrid model applied to other Scope 3 categories.

sustainability_report p.9

GSK calculates sales-force vehicle emissions based on distance travelled (with an added ~10% estimate for offices lacking distance data) rather than fuel use directly. Emissions from this fleet fell from 128 thousand tCO2e in 2019 to 75 thousand tCO2e in 2020.

sustainability_report p.13

GSK restated Scope 2 emissions from purchased electricity for 2018, 2019 and 2020 based on updated International Energy Agency emission factors published in 2020, improving methodological accuracy.

sustainability_report p.31

2020 data for audits of GSK's 3rd parties on quality processes was corrected from 1,839 to 1,451, as the original datapoint was mis-stated due to duplication of data and additional supplier audits identified that were not previously reported.

sustainability_report p.13

Following the demerger of the Consumer Healthcare business, GSK is restating its value chain carbon footprint for baseline year 2020 to reflect the new fully-focused biopharma company structure, affecting comparability of Scope 3 emissions reduction claims (e.g. the reported 13% Scope 3 reduction from 2020 to 2021).

sustainability_report p.17

2020 data for audits of GSK's third parties on quality processes was corrected from 1,839 to 1,451 after the original datapoint was found to be mis-stated due to duplication of data from one part of the business.

sustainability_report p.13

GSK's Environment commitment (one of 13 Trust commitments) states: 'Have a net zero impact on climate, and a net positive impact on nature by 2030'.

sustainability_report p.3

GSK states its 13 Trust commitments 'contribute to many of the UN Sustainable Development Goals,' with its biggest contribution being towards Goal 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Other specific SDG numbers are not individually enumerated in this document (see online SDG factsheet).

sustainability_report p.2

DNV's assurance report observed that GSK significantly increased the proportion of renewable electricity purchased from 5% in 2019 to 52% in 2020, though DNV recommended improving the process for tracking which sites purchase renewable electricity and maintaining evidence.

sustainability_report p.30

Following a 2020 review, the site in Xochimilco, Mexico was removed and the site in Jamshoro, Pakistan was added to GSK's list of high water risk sites; 2016 baseline data was restated to reflect this change.

sustainability_report p.12

GSK references its Modern Slavery Act Statement as part of its online public disclosures, supporting its labour and human-rights commitments under the UN Global Compact.

sustainability_report p.2

The dominant driver of GSK's Scope 3 footprint is emissions from patient use of propellant-based inhalers, calculated from the number of inhalers leaving manufacturing sites and the amount of propellant per inhaler; this category totalled 5,757 thousand tonnes CO2e in 2020 and is independently assured by DNV. GSK maintains a public policy on ozone depletion and metered-dose inhalers, indicating ongoing management of this dependent, customer-use emissions source.

sustainability_report p.13

GSK's 'Engaged people' Trust commitment targets achieving and maintaining a competitive employee engagement score by 2022; 2020 engagement score reported at 84%, up from 78% in 2019.

sustainability_report p.3

GSK's 'Inclusion and diversity' Trust commitment includes aspirational targets for female and ethnically diverse representation in senior roles by end of 2025, alongside recognition as a disability confident employer and inclusion in LGBT+ indices.

sustainability_report p.3

GSK produced its first Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) index in 2020 to illustrate alignment with Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry guidelines, and commits to continue aligning future reporting to SASB.

sustainability_report p.17

2020 is GSK's first year publicly reporting ethnicity diversity data for its US and UK workforce; the company states it does not have comparable historic data and will continue reporting this in future reports.

sustainability_report p.8

GSK noted that, other than propellant emissions data (collected via internal systems), an accurate picture of 2020 Scope 3 GHG emissions across all 15 categories would not be available until later in the year, after publication of this ESG Performance Summary.

sustainability_report p.10

Following a 2020 review, the site in Xochimilco, Mexico was removed and the site in Jamshoro, Pakistan was added to GSK's list of high water risk sites, reducing the network from 13 originally identified sites to 7 currently. Data from the 2016 baseline year was restated to reflect this change.

sustainability_report p.12

GSK states its 13 Trust commitments contribute to many UN SDGs, with its biggest contribution being toward SDG 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

sustainability_report p.2

GSK commits to have a net positive impact on nature by 2030, part of its 13 Trust commitments under 'Being a responsible business'.

sustainability_report p.3

GSK's 'Environment' Trust commitment states: 'Have a net zero impact on climate, and a net positive impact on nature by 2030.' This is a stated ambition covering GSK's full carbon footprint by 2030.

sustainability_report p.3

Following the demerger of Consumer Healthcare, GSK restated its value chain carbon footprint for baseline year 2020 to reflect the smaller, biopharma-only organisational boundary, affecting comparability of scope 3 emissions trends.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK's 2030 carbon target, set prior to the demerger (80% reduction across all scopes vs 2020 baseline plus 20% offset), was accredited by the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) as aligned with a 1.5°C pathway, more ambitious than SBTi's minimum requirement to halve emissions by 2030.

sustainability_report p.16

Emissions from patients' use of GSK's propellant-based inhalers form the company's largest disclosed Scope 3 category — 5.76 million tCO2e in 2020 — calculated from the number of inhalers leaving manufacturing sites and the amount of propellant per device. GSK reports this figure ahead of its full Scope 3 dataset each year because it is collected through internal systems rather than the broader hybrid Scope 3 model.

sustainability_report p.10

GSK tracks on-site fuel use (natural gas, coal, diesel, other fuels) via utility invoices and meter readings under its Scope 1 boundary. Coal use fell sharply from 64 GWh in 2019 to 20 GWh in 2020, while natural gas remained the dominant on-site fuel source at 2,125 GWh, indicating a shift away from coal within the operational energy mix.

sustainability_report p.9

GSK's 13 Trust commitments contribute to many UN Sustainable Development Goals; as a science-led global healthcare company, GSK states its biggest contribution is towards Goal 3: ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

sustainability_report p.3

2020 data for 'Audits of our 3rd parties on quality processes' was corrected from 1,839 to 1,451 after the original datapoint was found to be mis-stated due to duplication of data from one part of the business; additional supplier audits not previously reported were also identified.

sustainability_report p.13

GSK's Environment Trust commitment states the company will have 'a net positive impact on nature by 2030', alongside its net zero climate commitment.

sustainability_report p.3

GSK's Scope 3 business travel and employee commuting emissions fell significantly in 2020 (to 50,000 and 48,000 tCO2e respectively) due to pandemic-driven reductions in travel and office attendance; GSK continues to track these categories as part of its value chain carbon footprint and workplace policies.

sustainability_report p.17

Following the demerger of the Consumer Healthcare business, GSK restated its value chain carbon footprint baseline year of 2020 to reflect the new fully-focused biopharma company boundary.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK's commitment to improve disease prevention, awareness and access to healthcare services for 12 million people by 2025 was passed in 2020 (reaching 13.9 million people by end of 2021); GSK is developing a new global health strategy including a new target.

sustainability_report p.5

GSK produced its first Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) index in this report, aligning disclosure with the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industry guidelines, and states it will continue to align future reports to SASB.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK reported ethnicity diversity data for the US and UK workforce for the first time in this 2020 ESG Performance Summary; the company states it does not have comparable historic data and will report this from future reports.

sustainability_report p.8

DNV's assurance observations note GSK 'significantly increased the proportion of renewable electricity purchased from 5% in 2019 to 52% in 2020,' though DNV recommended improving the process for tracking which sites purchase renewable electricity and centralising evidence responsibility.

sustainability_report p.30

GSK commits to have a 'net positive impact on nature' by 2030 as part of its 13 Trust commitments, alongside its net zero climate target.

sustainability_report p.3

2020 is the first year GSK has reported ethnicity data for its US and UK workforce by seniority level. As this is the first year of reporting, there is no comparable historic data; GSK states it will begin reporting this trend from its next report.

sustainability_report p.8

GSK notes that, other than propellant emissions data (collected via internal systems), it will not have an accurate picture of its full Scope 3 GHG emissions across all 15 categories until later in the year; consequently most 2020 Scope 3 category figures are shown as unavailable ('–') in this report, despite a full 15-category breakdown being reported for 2017-2019.

sustainability_report p.10

DNV GL Business Assurance Services UK Limited performed a limited assurance engagement (ISAE 3000 revised) over selected 2020 Environmental, Health & Safety performance data including Scope 1 & 2 GHG emissions, selected Scope 3 emissions (propellant inhaler use), energy, water, waste, and H&S metrics. DNV's observations recommended improvements to renewable electricity tracking and market-based Scope 2 emission factor methodology.

sustainability_report p.32

On-site fuel use is GSK's largest single Scope 1 emissions source (411 thousand tCO2e in 2020), calculated using UK Government emission and calorific conversion factors for natural gas, diesel, coal and other fuels combusted at GSK facilities. Total energy consumption fell from 4,461 GWh in 2017 to 3,884 GWh in 2020, indicating ongoing efficiency efforts across the network of owned and leased facilities.

sustainability_report p.9

In 2020 GSK changed the scope of its waste targets (zero operational waste by 2030, 25% environmental impact reduction for products/packaging, 10% supply chain waste reduction) to support transition to a circular economy. The measure of waste generated was further updated in 2021 to include waste recovered/disposed on-site, enabling circularity (% circular waste) reporting for the first time.

sustainability_report p.15

GSK's Health access target (12 million people reached by 2025) was passed in 2020; the company has now reached 13.9 million people through partnerships and is developing a new, more ambitious global health strategy which will include setting a new target.

sustainability_report p.5

Business travel and employee commuting emissions fell sharply in 2020 (to 50 and 48 thousand tCO2e respectively) largely due to pandemic-driven reductions; GSK continues to track these categories as part of its scope 3 inventory using ticketing and activity-based data.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK reports upstream transportation and distribution emissions (687 thousand tCO2e in 2020) as part of the roughly 5% of its footprint attributed to logistics, refining measurement methodology following a 2019 reclassification of downstream to upstream transport emissions on Carbon Trust advice.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK states: 'Other than propellant emissions data (which is collected through our internal systems) we will not have an accurate picture of Scope 3 GHG emissions until later in the year.' As a result, all 2020 Scope 3 category values are shown as '–' except patient use-of-inhaler propellant emissions (5,757 kt CO2e).

sustainability_report p.10

2020 is GSK's first year reporting ethnicity data by level and geography (US and UK); no comparable historic data exists yet, and GSK plans to continue reporting this from future reports.

sustainability_report p.8

GSK reports Scope 3 upstream transportation and distribution emissions (687,000 tCO2e in 2020) as a distinct value-chain category, following reclassification of downstream transport emissions to upstream on advice from the Carbon Trust; management of logistics and distribution emissions remains part of the value chain decarbonisation effort.

sustainability_report p.17

Emissions previously classified as downstream transportation and distribution in earlier years have been reclassified as upstream transportation emissions, on advice from the Carbon Trust, affecting comparability of Scope 3 category 4/9 data across years.

sustainability_report p.17

Emissions classified as downstream transportation in previous years have been reclassified as upstream transportation emissions, on advice from the Carbon Trust. This affects comparability of 2018-2019 Scope 3 upstream/downstream transport figures.

sustainability_report p.17

GSK restated Scope 2 emissions from electricity for 2018 and 2019 based on updated International Energy Agency (IEA) emission factors published in 2019, improving accuracy of market-based Scope 2 calculations.

sustainability_report p.13

Emissions previously classified as downstream transportation and distribution in prior years were reclassified as upstream transportation emissions on advice from the Carbon Trust, affecting 2019 Scope 3 category data (upstream transport rose to 919kt CO2e, downstream fell to 0).

sustainability_report p.8

Emissions classified as downstream transportation and distribution in previous years have been reclassified as upstream transportation emissions on advice from the Carbon Trust, affecting comparability of 2018-2019 Scope 3 category data.

sustainability_report p.17

Emissions classified as downstream transportation in previous years were reclassified as upstream transportation emissions on advice from the Carbon Trust, affecting the 2019 Scope 3 category 4/9 split (919 kt reclassified to upstream, downstream fell to 0).

sustainability_report p.10

GSK acquired a portfolio of sites in August 2019 which were duly integrated into environmental performance reporting; DNV noted that none of these new sites had completed GSK's Water Stewardship Risk Assessment used to identify high water risk sites.

sustainability_report p.30

GSK acquired a portfolio of sites in August 2019 as part of the GSK-Pfizer consumer healthcare joint venture; these sites were integrated into GSK's environmental performance reporting. As of the 2020 report, these new sites had not yet completed GSK's Water Stewardship Risk Assessment used to determine high-water-risk status.

sustainability_report p.30

GSK restated Scope 2 emissions from electricity for 2018 and 2019 based on updated International Energy Agency (IEA) emission factors published in 2019.

sustainability_report p.13

GSK acquired a portfolio of sites in August 2019 which were integrated into environmental performance reporting; however, DNV's assurance review found that none of these new sites had completed GSK's Water Stewardship Risk Assessment used to determine 'high risk' status, recommending assessment within a year of joining GSK.

sustainability_report p.32

On advice from the Carbon Trust, emissions previously classified as downstream transportation and distribution in prior years were reclassified as upstream transportation and distribution emissions, affecting comparability of these two scope 3 sub-categories.

sustainability_report p.17

Emissions previously classified as downstream transportation have been reclassified as upstream transportation emissions on advice from the Carbon Trust, affecting comparability of Scope 3 categories 4 and 9 across years.

sustainability_report p.10

Purchased goods and services was historically GSK's largest Scope 3 category, falling from 9.4 million tCO2e in 2017 to 6.4 million tCO2e in 2019. GSK models Scope 3 across all 15 GHG Protocol categories using a hybrid of primary activity-based data and economic spend-based data, quality assured by the Carbon Trust.

sustainability_report p.10

GSK restated Scope 2 emissions from electricity for 2018 and 2019 based on updated IEA emission factors published in 2019, improving accuracy of market-based Scope 2 reporting.

sustainability_report p.13

GSK acquired a portfolio of sites in August 2019 as part of the GSK-Pfizer consumer healthcare joint venture; these were integrated into GSK's environmental performance reporting (energy, water, waste, carbon). DNV noted none of these new sites had yet completed GSK's Water Stewardship Risk Assessment.

sustainability_report p.30

A new methodology to more fully account for administrative costs of the Bridge to Access and Benlysta/Nucala patient assistance programmes led to a significant increase in reported management costs within community investment totals from 2018 onward.

sustainability_report p.4

In 2018 GSK changed how it collects employee disciplinary data 'to improve clarity,' removing categories not deemed behavioural policy violations (e.g. absence-related sanctions), which reduced the reported disciplinary count that year.

sustainability_report p.12