China Airlines Ltd.

Carbon per million dollars of revenue. The legacy industry-standard reference (CDP, MSCI). Useful for cross-sector context, but distorted by margin — high-margin firms appear artificially efficient. Read alongside the operational and asset intensities for the full picture.

OpEx (operating expenditure) is the running cost of the business — staff, services, energy, materials. This shows how carbon-intensive operations are per million dollars of spend. Removes the margin distortion that revenue-based ratios introduce.

EVIC (Enterprise Value Including Cash) is the firm's total capital footprint — equity + debt + cash + minority interest. The EU's standard intensity measure (SFDR PAI 3) — answers: how much carbon does each million of capital deployed in this business produce?

PP&E (Property, Plant & Equipment) plus leased real-estate assets is the firm's physical infrastructure on the balance sheet. This shows the carbon intensity of that physical footprint — uses Scope 1+2+3 for consistency with the other headline intensities. Surfaces stranded-asset risk for asset-heavy firms.

CAL has installed three solar photovoltaic systems totaling 469 kW across CAL Park (276 kW) and EMO Park (193 kW), with another 194 kW planned for 2025. Self-generation efficiency at 9,800 kWh/kW, with 108 RECs obtained from the 98.21 kW CAL Park array in 2024. Purchased electricity in 2024 included ~11.6% (3,690 MWh) of renewable energy. Targets: 10% renewable energy installed capacity by 2030 and 15% by 2040. CAL also continues to advance Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) procurement with international oil companies and corporate customers, despite SAF being 3.1x the cost of conventional jet fuel.

CAL participates in the Forestry and Nature Conservation Agency's national afforestation project, adopting nearly 2 hectares in Nanzhuang, Miaoli in 2023 with 4,250 native Taiwania trees planted by the Saisiyat tribe. In 2024, CAL expanded the adoption by an additional 5.25 hectares with 15,000 Taiwania and Zelkova trees, plus Satoyama trail maintenance. CAL also offers passenger voluntary carbon offset via 'ECO Travel Carbon Offset' program. Reliance on offset/credit purchases is part of the long-term path to net zero by 2050.

• Cabin waste reduction + Single-Use Plastic elimination

  CAL reduced in-flight Single Use Plastic (SUP) items by 80.9% in 2024 vs baseline. Economy class cutlery upgraded to 100% recycled stainless steel. Implemented ECO CART waste sorting on twin-aisle aircraft. Installed two commercial food waste machines at CAL Park (Aug 2024), reducing food waste volume by ~90%. Total in-flight waste reduced 20% vs 2018 (target 33%). Targets: 90% SUP reduction by 2025, 100% by 2030; in-flight waste reduction 50%/65%/70% by 2025/2030/2040.

• Aviation fuel efficiency: 1.5% annual improvement + 11 fuel-saving measures

  Fuel combustion accounts for >90% of CAL's GHG emissions. The dedicated Aviation Fuel Management Team implemented 11 fuel-saving measures in 2024, reducing carbon emissions by 47,477 tons. Key measures: using GPU instead of APU at outstations (saved ~429,000 lbs fuel at HKG alone), engine-out taxi, weight reduction (digitized pilot manuals, precision refueling), and optimized routing. Achieved fuel efficiency of 0.2284 tons/1000 RTK, 102% of target. SBTi-approved target: improve fuel efficiency 26% by 2030 vs 2019.

• Fleet renewal: A321neo, 777F, 787, A350-1000, 777-9/8F

  CAL is phasing out 737-800, A330-300, and 747-400F aircraft with new-generation fuel-efficient models. In 2024 added 1 leased A350-900, 4 A321neo, 2 777F. 18 Boeing 787-9 and 6 787-10 ordered for 2025+ deliveries. December 2024 order: 10 A350-1000, 10 777-9, 4 777-8F (delivery from 2029). New aircraft estimated to deliver 25% reduction in fuel consumption and carbon emissions vs previous generation. The 777F offers 20-25% fuel savings over 744F.

• Ground operations decarbonisation: electrification + ISO 50001

  CAL operates ISO 50001 energy management system at ground facilities. In 2024 added 14 electric units (2 tow tractors, 8 supply vehicles, 4 forklifts), installed dedicated EV charging stations at CAL Park and EMO Park. Implemented 78 environmental/energy-saving measures. Total electricity consumption decreased 1.5% YoY to 31,813 MWh. Gasoline/diesel down 4%. Target: reduce ground carbon emissions by 5%/15%/60% by 2025/2030/2040 vs 2023.

• SAF Collaboration Project with corporate customers

  CAL launched the first Taiwanese aviation industry SAF procurement collaboration model with traceable, verifiable carbon reduction reports. Partnered with Morrison Express (first cargo flight using SAF in Taiwan) and CTBC Bank (SAF on passenger flight). SAF used in 2024: 26.6 kiloliters. Reduces both CAL Scope 1 and customers' Scope 3 emissions by ~90% vs conventional jet fuel. Targets: 0.5% SAF by 2025, 5% by 2030, 40% by 2040.

• Sustainable supply chain & local procurement

  CAL Supplier Code of Conduct signed 100% by critical Tier-1 suppliers. Green procurement increased 71% YoY to TWD 79.89M in 2024. Local procurement reached 95.23% of total spend (TWD 14.557B), with 765 local suppliers. SAQ assessment covered 49 critical Tier-1 suppliers (94.38 avg score). 4 high-risk suppliers identified and given corrective action plans. Targets: 100% SAQ coverage of critical Tier-1 suppliers by 2025; 5% ESG weighting in procurement evaluation by 2030.