Interpublic Group

Carbon per million dollars of revenue. The legacy industry-standard reference (CDP, MSCI). Useful for cross-sector context, but distorted by margin — high-margin firms appear artificially efficient. Read alongside the operational and asset intensities for the full picture.

OpEx (operating expenditure) is the running cost of the business — staff, services, energy, materials. This shows how carbon-intensive operations are per million dollars of spend. Removes the margin distortion that revenue-based ratios introduce.

EVIC (Enterprise Value Including Cash) is the firm's total capital footprint — equity + debt + cash + minority interest. The EU's standard intensity measure (SFDR PAI 3) — answers: how much carbon does each million of capital deployed in this business produce?

PP&E (Property, Plant & Equipment) plus leased real-estate assets is the firm's physical infrastructure on the balance sheet. This shows the carbon intensity of that physical footprint — uses Scope 1+2+3 for consistency with the other headline intensities. Surfaces stranded-asset risk for asset-heavy firms.

Carbon per FTE (full-time-equivalent employee) — the diagnostic measure for people-leveraged businesses where headcount, not capital, drives delivery. Captures the office, energy and travel footprint per person.

IPG procures renewable electricity through unbundled Energy Attribute Certificates (RECs/EACs) across the US, EU AIB markets, India, and China (I-RECs), following GHG Protocol and RE100 retirement guidelines. In 2023, 33,016 MWh of RECs were retired (36% of purchased electricity), up from 23,654 MWh in 2022. IPG targets 100% renewable electricity by 2030 and estimates the 2023 REC purchases saved approximately 12,549 tCO2e in market-based Scope 2 emissions. RECs are sourced from wind, sustainable biomass, and hydropower facilities.

Interpublic does not disclose a dedicated carbon removals strategy (DAC, BECCS, biochar). The Climate Pledge framework it signed calls for utilizing 'credible carbon offsets'. The firm states it will only work with oil/energy clients whose net-zero plans involve 'no greater than 10% off-setting,' suggesting a preference for direct reductions over removals/offsets.

• Real estate footprint reduction and energy-efficient LEED-certified buildings

  IPG is reducing its office portfolio to lower energy consumption and associated Scope 1 and 2 emissions. A 13% reduction in operating floorspace from 2022 to 2023 drove a 9% decrease in location-based Scope 1 and 2 emissions. Since 2016, all new tenant buildouts are required to be LEED-certified wherever possible, and IPG's real estate policies require companies to use existing portfolio space before leasing new offices. IPG also considers climate-resilient and efficient technologies in all new buildouts and has introduced climate-related criteria when considering new office leases.

• Employee commuting and hybrid work arrangements reducing Scope 3 Cat 7

  IPG leverages hybrid office and work-from-home arrangements to offset employee commuting emissions. Employee commuting (including teleworking) is tracked using DEFRA emission factors, IEA residential energy intensity values, and Anthesis incremental energy use values, with site- and country-specific data on transportation modes. Commuting represented 42,472 tCO2e in 2023 and is included in IPG's SBTi Scope 3 30% reduction target by 2030.

• Business travel reduction via Tripkicks and virtual meetings

  As a client services business, Interpublic uses the Tripkicks platform within its online booking program to sort travel by carbon emissions, prefer rail over air, and select lower-carbon classes. IT upgraded all HQ conference rooms in 2023 for Teams/WebEx/Zoom to reduce unnecessary travel. Business travel emissions tracked annually: 119,934 tCO2e (2019) → 16,738 (2021 pandemic low) → 83,031 (2023). In late 2023 added individual travel CO2 reports for employees.

• Data center decarbonisation via cloud migration

  Data centers account for ~32% of Scope 1+2 (location-based). IPG has transitioned 2,700 of 5,800 servers to cloud (47%). Power consumption at the Omaha STC facility achieved 15.3% YoY reduction in 2023 and is 66% below 2012 peak. Acxiom phased out 3 of 8 owned data centers between 2018-2023, reducing electrical consumption ~50.37% vs 2018 baseline (~44,000 kW/year), and eliminated water cooling towers (>98% water reduction).

• Real estate consolidation and LEED-certified offices

  Since 2020, restructuring strategy reduced occupied space by 2.87 million sq ft globally (~28.7% cut). Since 2016, all new tenant occupancies must be in LEED-certified buildings where possible. New leases require landlords to source ≥50% renewable electricity by 2030, set whole-building EUI/carbon reduction goals, and provide annual ENERGY STAR scores. 30 offices across 21 countries are 'Zero Footprint' (networking only).

• Business travel reduction via sustainable travel policy and Tripkicks booking platform

  IPG revamped domestic and international travel policies in 2021 to add a section specifically on sustainable business travel, aiming to reduce carbon emissions from employee travel while balancing business needs. In early 2022, IPG introduced the Tripkicks platform, which sorts air travel options by CO2 emissions in addition to schedule and cost. Air travel emissions are calculated using distance-based methodology applying UK DESNZ factors. Business travel is a large Scope 3 category (83,031 tCO2e in 2023, up from 55,659 tCO2e in 2022 as travel resumed post-pandemic) and is covered by IPG's SBTi Scope 3 target.

• Cloud migration of IT data centers reducing Scope 1 and 2 emissions by ~35%

  IPG is executing a company-wide IT strategy to migrate hardware and software from corporate-owned data centers to energy-efficient cloud providers' data centers. Data centers account for approximately 35% of IPG's Scope 1 and Scope 2 (location-based) GHG emissions. In 2020, IPG reduced primary enterprise data center square footage by 60%; in 2021, reduced power consumption by an additional 5.73%; in 2023, power consumption is on target for a 12.5% reduction—the lowest in 14 years. Cloud hosting providers supply IPG with carbon savings data to measure progress. This initiative saved approximately 2,519 tCO2e in 2023.

• Cloud migration & data center consolidation

  Data centers account for ~35% of IPG's Scope 1+2 location-based emissions. Since 2008 consolidation, expanded virtualization technologies by 84%, reducing power consumption by 66.4%. Excluding Acxiom, transitioned 31% of 6,100 servers to cloud; Acxiom transitioned 33% of 11,000 servers. 30 offices fully transitioned to zero-footprint (networking only). Acxiom closed 3 of 8 owned data centers between 2018-2022, reducing water use 97% and electricity 44% since 2018.

• Waste reduction & composting at offices

  In 2022 introduced composting at NYC headquarters, diverting nearly 14,000 pounds of organic matter from landfill via waste-to-energy process. Removed waste bins from individual offices for four-stream sorting in common areas. Waste reduction guide deployed across all offices. Quarterly electronics collection for donation/recycling.

• Real estate footprint reduction & LEED standards

  Since 2020, restructuring/consolidation strategy reduced occupied office space by 2.8 million sq ft globally (~28% cut) by year-end 2022. Since 2016, all new tenant occupancies required to be in LEED-certified buildings whenever possible. Green design with 80% open plan, low-energy lighting, energy-efficient HVAC. New office lease criteria include building performance reduction goals in carbon or Energy Use Intensity.

• Energy efficiency through LEED-certified office portfolio and space consolidation

  IPG requires all new tenant buildouts since 2016 to be LEED-certified or better wherever feasible, and pursues energy-efficient and sustainable office space to reduce electricity, heating and air conditioning costs. The company actively reduces its real estate footprint by co-locating agencies, requiring companies to exhaust existing portfolio space before leasing additional space, and applying a benchmark of square footage per person. All new space assessments include climate-resilient and efficient technologies. These measures reduce Scope 1 and 2 emissions from building operations.

• Employee commuting emissions management including hybrid work arrangements

  IPG calculates employee commuting emissions (Scope 3 Cat 7) using DEFRA emission factors across transportation modes and IEA/EPA factors for home-working energy use. Hybrid and work-from-home arrangements are credited as an offset to commuting emissions in the inventory. In 2022, employee commuting was 35,650 tCO2e, down from the 2019 baseline of 43,413 tCO2e. IPG's Sustainability Allies group promotes employee behaviour change and energy-saving practices in remote workspaces.

• IT decarbonisation via cloud migration and data centre consolidation

  IPG consolidated four Global IT Data Centers and expanded virtualisation technologies by 80%, reducing electricity consumption in the primary data centre by 5.73% in 2021. Over the next 3-5 years, IPG is rolling out a company-wide IT strategy prioritising cloud migration, reviewing hardware and software at end-of-useful-life and migrating to pre-vetted, energy-efficient cloud providers. In 2020, IPG reduced primary enterprise data centre square footage by 60%. This lever delivers material Scope 2 savings by moving workloads to providers' energy-efficient facilities.

• Business travel reduction via sustainable travel policy and Tripkicks platform

  IPG revamped its domestic and international travel policies in 2021 to integrate a sustainable business travel section, balancing in-person relationship-building with emissions reduction. In early 2022, IPG introduced the Tripkicks booking platform, which sorts air travel options by CO2 emissions alongside schedule and cost, enabling employees to choose lower-carbon itineraries. This lever targets Scope 3 Category 6 (2022: 55,205 tCO2e), which rebounded post-pandemic from 16,738 tCO2e in 2021 and remains far below the 2019 baseline of 119,934 tCO2e.

• Business travel reduction via Tripkicks platform & SAFs

  In 2022, introduced Tripkicks platform that sorts travel options by carbon emissions, displays eco-friendly booking options. Travel policies encourage virtual meetings, rail over air, and careful air class selection. Began supporting development of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs). Business travel emissions tracked annually — fell from 119,934 tCO2e (2019) to 55,659 tCO2e (2022).

• Cloud and IT infrastructure decarbonisation

  IPG consolidated four Global IT Data Centers, expanded virtualization technologies by 80% reducing power consumption in IT operations by 66%. In 2020 reduced primary enterprise data center square footage by 60%, in 2021 reduced primary data center power consumption by additional 5.73%. Acxiom phased out 3 of 8 owned data centers between 2018-2022 and reduced annual electricity consumption by ~38%.

• Office energy efficiency: LEED-certified buildouts and IT infrastructure consolidation

  Since 2016, all new IPG tenant buildouts are required to be LEED-certified or better wherever feasible. IPG has consolidated four global IT data centres to a single energy-efficient facility in Nebraska, reducing enterprise data centre square footage by 60% (2020) and primary data centre power consumption by 32% (2019 vs 2018). Virtualisation has increased 80% since 2008, cutting IT power consumption by 66%. These initiatives are estimated to save 1,160 tCO2e/year each (Scope 1 and location-based Scope 2). Sharing facilities and seeking solutions within the existing real estate portfolio before leasing new space further reduces energy use.

• Business travel reduction through sustainable travel policy and CO2-sorted booking tool

  IPG revamped its domestic and international travel policies in 2021, adding a dedicated section on sustainable business travel to reduce Scope 3 Cat 6 emissions. The company enhanced its online booking application to sort air travel options by CO2 emissions alongside schedule and cost — one of the first Fortune 500 companies to do so. US market rollout occurred in 2021 with international markets to follow through 2022. Business travel emissions fell from 119,934 tCO2e (2019, pre-pandemic) to 22,851 tCO2e (2020) and 16,939 tCO2e (2021), partly driven by COVID but supported by policy changes.

• Cloud and data center IT efficiency

  IPG consolidated four Global IT Data Centers via the Scott Technology Center facilities in Omaha. Expanded virtualization by 80% reducing power consumption in IT operations by 66%. In 2020, reduced primary enterprise data center square footage by 60%; in 2021, cut power consumption a further 5.73%. Acxiom phased out 3 of 8 owned data centers (2018-2022), reducing annual electricity ~38%.

• Real estate consolidation and LEED-certified offices

  Since 2016, all new tenant buildouts must conform to LEED-certified or better where possible. IPG reduced global occupied office space by 2.2M sq ft (~22%) since 2019, lowering operating costs and emissions. Energy-efficient buildings, green design with open plans, and on-site sensors reduce consumption.

• Business travel reduction & sustainable booking tools

  IPG revamped domestic and international travel policies in 2021 adding sustainable business travel section. New enhancement to online booking application sorts air travel options by CO2 emissions alongside schedule and cost. In 2022 introduced Tripkicks platform working with SAP Concur to inform employees of eco-friendly options. Weber Shandwick launched 'Mindful Miles' philosophy evaluating value/necessity of each trip. Business travel was 7% of 2020 Scope 3 (~22,373 tCO2e).

• Business travel reduction via policy + Tripkicks booking tool

  In 2021, IPG revamped domestic and international travel policies with sustainability lens. Introduced Tripkicks platform in early 2022, which sorts air travel by carbon emissions alongside schedule and cost. Business travel emissions fell from 119,934 tCO2e (2019) to 16,738 tCO2e (2021). Encouraged virtual meetings and considered rail over air.

• Business travel reduction via revised policies and Tripkicks booking tool

  IPG revamped domestic and international travel policies in 2021 to specifically address sustainability. Deployed Tripkicks platform in early 2022 which sorts air travel options by carbon emissions alongside schedule and cost. Business travel emissions dropped from 119,934 tCO2e (2019) to 16,738 tCO2e (2021), aided by pandemic-driven shift to virtual meetings and policy changes encouraging rail over air.

• Real estate footprint reduction and LEED-certified office space

  Since 2016, all new tenant occupancies must be in LEED-certified buildings whenever possible. IPG reduced global occupied office space by 2.2M sq ft (~22%) since 2019. Co-locating companies, green design (80% open plan), efficient lighting/HVAC, and ENERGY STAR buildings are core levers.

• Employee commuting and hybrid working to reduce Scope 3 Cat 7 emissions

  IPG calculates employee commuting emissions including a work-from-home component using IEA residential energy intensity values and incremental energy use factors (Anthesis methodology). Hybrid office and work-from-home arrangements are explicitly cited as a mechanism to offset commuting Scope 3 emissions under the Abs 2 target plan. Commuting emissions were 43,413 tCO2e in 2019, declining to 30,862 tCO2e in 2020 and rising slightly to 36,545 tCO2e in 2021 as activity recovered post-pandemic.

• Employee commuting & remote work flexibility

  Pandemic shifted IPG to permanent flexibility / organized flexibility work model, with reduced commuting. Employee commuting (including teleworking) was 10% of 2020 Scope 3 emissions (~31,961 tCO2e), the largest non-purchased-goods category. Updated travel policies promote rail over air, coach over premium.

• IT and data center efficiency

  Since 2008 IT consolidation to Scott Technology Center in Omaha, IPG expanded virtualization technologies by 80%, reducing power consumption in IT operations by 66%. In 2020, reduced power consumption in primary data center by an additional 15.2% vs 2019, and reduced enterprise data center square footage by 60%.

• LEED-certified office buildouts and real estate consolidation

  All new tenant buildouts since 2016 are required to be LEED-certified or better whenever feasible. IPG's Central IT moved to Jersey City, NJ achieving LEED Gold. Internal real estate policies require agencies to look within the portfolio for shared real estate solutions before leasing new space. In 2020 IPG vacated 1.7M sq ft globally (11% reduction).

• Business travel reduction via sustainable travel policy and CO2-sorted booking tool

  IPG enhanced its online booking tool to allow employees to sort air travel by CO2 emissions as well as by time and cost — one of the first Fortune 500 companies to implement this. Typically employees travel ~300 million air miles per year, but in 2020 travel virtually stopped due to COVID-19, reducing scope 3 business travel emissions to 19,057 tCO2e. IPG is revisiting and strengthening its sustainable business travel policy in light of new climate action commitments and shifting post-COVID travel trends, targeting further reductions through virtual meetings and teleconferencing.

• IT infrastructure consolidation and cloud migration to reduce energy consumption

  IPG migrated IT infrastructure to the state-of-the-art Scott Technology Center at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, consolidating four Global IT Data Centers into one energy-efficient facility. Through increased virtualisation and cloud migration, IPG reduced power consumption in the primary data centre by an additional 32% in 2019 vs. 2018, and reduced enterprise data centre square footage by 60% in 2020. These changes contributed an estimated 1,160 tCO2e savings annually. Central IT also moved to Jersey City, NJ achieving Gold level LEED certification.

• LEED-certified office buildouts and green real estate policy

  Since 2016, all new tenant buildouts are required to be LEED-certified or better wherever feasible. IPG's real estate department includes assessments of climate-resilient and efficient technologies whenever offices are relocated or built out. IPG also has internal real estate policies requiring all agencies to look within the portfolio for shared real estate solutions before committing to new leases. These initiatives contribute an estimated 1,160 tCO2e savings annually and reduce operating costs including electricity, heating, and air conditioning.

• Real estate footprint reduction & LEED buildings

  IPG decreased physical office footprint by 2.2 million sq ft (~22%) since 2019. All new tenant buildouts since 2016 are required to be in LEED-certified buildings wherever feasible. Central IT consolidated to LEED Gold facility in Jersey City. Real estate policies require companies to seek existing portfolio space before leasing additional space. Composting introduced at HQ.

• Data centre consolidation and cloud migration

  IPG migrated IT infrastructure to the Scott Technology Center in Omaha, consolidating four global data centers. With migration to cloud solutions, power consumption in the primary data center was reduced by 32% in 2019 vs 2018. In 2020, enterprise data center square footage was reduced by 60%, with additional energy reductions expected.

• Business air travel reduction and CO2-aware booking

  IPG implemented smart travel policies focused on traveling less, lighter, and smarter. The online booking tool was enhanced to allow business travelers to sort air travel by CO2 emissions alongside time and cost, available in nearly all countries where online booking is offered. COVID-19 accelerated reductions through virtual meetings and telepresence. In 2019, ~54,000 employees traveled 342.5 million miles by air resulting in 67,232 tCO2e.

• Supplier engagement program targeting 30% Scope 3 Cat 1 reduction by 2030

  IPG launched its inaugural supplier engagement program in 2022 and repeated it in 2023, collecting GHG data from 51-75% of Tier 1 suppliers by procurement spend. IPG encourages suppliers to reduce total emissions by 30% by 2030 (2019 baseline), reach net-zero by 2040, and validate targets with SBTi. All suppliers are requested to respond to CDP annually. The engagement program estimated savings of 5,725 tCO2e in 2023. IPG purchases goods and services from over 75,000 global suppliers and has created a Preferred Vendor list with environmental criteria.

• Supplier engagement on Scope 3 reductions

  Interpublic's Supplier Code of Conduct requests suppliers reduce total emissions 30% by 2030 (2019 baseline) and reach net-zero by 2040, with SBTi validation, and disclose annually via CDP. The firm conducts targeted outreach to its largest vendors (by spend) regarding climate strategies and emissions data to monitor the 30% Scope 3 reduction target.

• Client due diligence and low-carbon advertising tools

  Interpublic proactively reviews oil/energy/utility prospective clients against a 1.5°C-aligned net-zero by 2050 standard with ≤10% offsetting. Does not work with trade associations seeking to extend fossil fuel life. Through AdGreen carbon calculator, Media Consumption Carbon Calculator (UM/Mediabrands, 32 markets), Scope3 partnership (IPG Mediabrands), and isla TRACE event measurement, the firm helps clients reduce emissions from advertising and media operations.

• Client sector screening: reviewing climate impacts of oil, energy and utility prospective clients

  Since 2022, IPG and its agencies proactively review the climate impacts of prospective clients in the oil, energy, and utility sectors before accepting new work, using a set of questions developed with a third-party climate change expert. On multiple occasions since instituting the policy, IPG has turned down potential new business opportunities. IPG also does not engage in marketing aimed at influencing public policy to extend the life of fossil fuels. For existing carbon-intensive clients, IPG aims to positively impact their business transformation journeys.

• Net-zero media buying & carbon calculators for clients

  IPG Mediabrands launched net-zero media buying offering for clients via partnership with Scope3, the first global media and agency network to do so. Tools include Media Consumption Carbon Calculator (available in 32 markets), AdGreen carbon calculator/certification, isla's TRACE for events (Momentum Worldwide deploying across 60% of project deliveries), and IPA Media Climate Charter Media Carbon Calculator. Client due diligence process declines work for fossil fuel clients not aligned with 1.5°C.

• Supplier engagement for Scope 3 reduction

  Launched inaugural supplier engagement program in 2022 with targeted outreach to largest vendors by spend. Expanded Supplier Code of Conduct to encourage suppliers to reduce emissions by 30% by 2030 (2019 baseline) and reach net-zero by 2040, with SBTi validation requested. Suppliers requested to disclose emissions via CDP Climate Change questionnaire. IPG estimates over 60% of emissions are associated with suppliers.

• Client portfolio screening for oil/energy/utility sectors

  In 2022, IPG became the first advertising holding company to publish its decision not to support marketing aimed at extending the life of fossil fuels. Proactively reviews climate impacts of prospective clients in oil/energy/utility sectors before accepting new work, using questions on 1.5°C alignment, Scope 1-3 reporting, and cessation of controversial production. Has turned down potential new business on multiple occasions.

• Supplier engagement programme to reduce Scope 3 Cat 1 purchased goods emissions

  IPG purchases products and services from more than 75,000 suppliers globally, guided by its SS&P team. The company has launched a supplier outreach programme collecting GHG inventory data and emissions target maturity information, and encourages suppliers to reduce total emissions by 30% by 2030 (2019 baseline) and reach net-zero by 2040 with SBTi validation. All suppliers are requested to respond to CDP annually. In 2022, IPG further expanded its supplier RFP process to include ESG strategy questions, and the supplier engagement initiative delivered an estimated 7,698 tCO2e annual saving in Cat 1.

• Client portfolio screening: oil, energy and utility prospects

  In 2022, IPG became the first advertising holding company to publicly decline marketing that extends the life of fossil fuels, and applies a climate-impact review (1.5C alignment, Scope 1/2/3 reporting, ceased controversial production) to prospective oil, energy and utility clients before accepting work. Has turned down new business on multiple occasions.

• Client production decarbonisation via AdGreen

  IPG is a founding member of AdGreen, which provides a carbon calculator and certification for advertising production. In 2022 IPG will launch AdGreen tools in some regions to help clients calculate and mitigate environmental impact of advertising production. Initiative and UM are founding members of IPA Media Climate Charter (media buying carbon calculator); Jack Morton is a founding member of isla (events industry sustainability).

• Supplier engagement and Supplier Code of Conduct to reduce Scope 3 purchased goods emissions

  IPG adopted a Supplier Code of Conduct requiring all suppliers to comply with applicable environmental laws, adopt environmentally friendly policies, and share IPG's sustainability commitment. Every new supplier contract requires completion of a detailed sustainability questionnaire; existing supplier contracts are reviewed at least every three years. In late 2020, IPG launched Range, a vendor management programme that embeds sustainability metrics alongside capability and diversity criteria. IPG is rolling out a supplier outreach programme to engage vendors on ESG performance and strategies, targeting the 238,406 tCO2e (2021) Scope 3 Cat 1 footprint.

• Supplier engagement program for Scope 3

  IPG inaugurated a supplier engagement program to begin to understand and ultimately work to lower this important component of Scope 3 emissions. Founding member of AdGreen (carbon calculator and certification for production) and Ad Net Zero industry coalition.

• Supplier engagement program on Scope 3 emissions

  IPG inaugurated a supplier engagement program to understand and ultimately work to lower this important component of Scope 3 emissions. Purchased goods and services (cat 1) represents 68% of IPG's Scope 3 footprint. Suppliers are expected to adopt environmental sustainability policies per IPG's Supplier Code of Conduct.

• AdGreen founding membership to reduce production-related emissions across the advertising supply chain

  In 2021, IPG became a founding member of AdGreen, launched by the UK Advertising Association, which unites the advertising industry toward zero waste and zero carbon production. AdGreen calls on agencies to discuss emissions associated with scripts, share carbon footprint data, and adjust behaviours in travel, energy, and waste. A carbon calculator and certification process were planned for later 2021. IPG will launch AdGreen tools in additional regions in 2022 to help clients calculate and mitigate the environmental impact of advertising production, targeting the dominant Scope 3 Cat 1 purchased services footprint.

• Supplier sustainability via Supplier Code of Conduct and STP Program

  IPG spends over $2B annually with 75,000+ suppliers. The Supplier Code of Conduct sets expectations on legal compliance, integrity, human rights, equal opportunity and environment. In late 2020 IPG launched the Source-to-Pay (STP) Transformation Program to create a vetted preferred-vendor list with mandatory agency use, selecting vendors based on diversity, human rights and environmental impact criteria.

• Supplier engagement on climate via Supplier Code of Conduct and Range vendor platform

  IPG requires all suppliers to complete sustainability questionnaires at contract signing and reviews contracts at least every three years. IPG adopted a Supplier Code of Conduct requiring suppliers to share its commitment to sustainability and comply with environmental laws. In late 2020, IPG launched Range, a new vendor management programme that captures sustainability metrics including climate-related criteria in vendor selection. IPG aims to engage 100% of suppliers on climate and sustainability issues.

• Supply chain (purchased goods & services)

  Purchased goods and services (Cat 1, including Cat 4 upstream transport) represented 67% of Scope 3 emissions in 2020 (~214,139 tCO2e) — the dominant footprint category. IPG is rolling out a supplier outreach program engaging vendors on ESG performance, deploying SAP Ariba supplier management platform with diversity, human rights and environmental impact criteria, and Third-Party Risk Management process.